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APES CHAPTER 4

Terms in this set (57)

Which of the following is the best description of a region's climate?
a. The average temperature and precipitation over several decades
Which of the following would not have a significant effect on the climate of a region?
c. A single abnormally wet year due to El Niño
In which level of the atmosphere does weather
occur?
a. Troposphere
Which level of the atmosphere is the densest?
a. Troposphere
Which level of the atmosphere contains the ozone layer?
b. Stratosphere
What is the importance of the ozone layer?
d. It absorbs incoming UV rays
What best describes the density of the atmosphere?
a. It decreases as you increase in altitude
What best describes the temperature of the atmosphere?
a. It decreases as you increase in altitude in the troposphere
Which of the following is not true about the sun's energy heating the Earth?
d. The sun's rays are more strongly reflected in the lower latitude regions
Which of the following is the best description of albedo?
a. The ability of an object to reflect light
What region of the earth does the sun hit at the most direct angle?
e. Equator (0o)
What level of the atmosphere contains charged gas molecules that glow, producing what is known as the northern lights or aurora borealis?
d. Thermosphere
Use Figure 4-1. Using the diagram above, indicate which of the following has the highest albedo
b. Fresh snow
Which of the following would best describe the observation that warm air is more humid than cool air?
b. Warmer air has a higher capacity for water vapor than colder air
What happens to air as it rises?
a. The pressure decreases and it expands in volume
Use Figure 4-2. Use the graph above to determine how much water would fall (in grams/m3) as precipitation if the temperature of the air saturated with water vaporfell from 30o C to 10o C.
c. 20 g
Use Figure 4-2. Using the graph above, what conclusion can be drawn about the relationship between temperature and saturation point?
b. As temperature increases, saturation point increases exponentially
What factor is most closely related to adiabatic cooling and heating?
e. Air pressure
Latent heat release occurs when:
a. Water vapor in the atmosphere condenses into liquid water
What is the overall direction of global air currents at the equator?
a. Air rises at the equator
What is the best explanation for the high amounts of rain that occur at the equator?
c. The warm air rises at the equator which condenses at a high altitude, leading to rain
What type of weather would you expect to find at the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ)?
c. Warm and rainy weather
Which of the following statements about the Coriolis Effect is incorrect?
c. Global winds are not affected by the Coriolis effect
Use Figure 4-3. A plane leaves the North Pole. Initially, it flies directly south towards point B on the diagram below. Which is the most likely landing site for the plane if it maintains a straight path to the south?
a. Site A
Use Figure 4-3. A plane leaves the North Pole. Initially, it flies directly south towards point B on the diagram below. Which is the most likely landing site for the plane if it maintains a straight path to the south?
a. Site A
Use Figure 4-3. A plane leaves the North Pole. Initially, it flies directly south towards point B on the diagram below. If there were no Coriolis Effect, which would be the most likely landing site for the plane if it maintained a straight path to the south?
b. Site B
What latitude receives the most direct sunlight throughout the year?
c. 0
What is the cause of the differing seasons of the Earth?
d. The tilt of the Earth on its axis
Use Figure 4-4. Using the diagram above, which position would correspond with Spring in the Northern Hemisphere?
b. B
Use Figure 4-4. Using the diagram above, which position would correspond with Summer in the Southern Hemisphere?
c. C
Use Figure 4-4. Using the diagram above, which positions would correspond with an Equinox?
b. B and D
The Coriolis Effect and prevailing winds contribute to the formation of gyres in the oceans. Which direction do these gyres flow in the Northern Hemisphere?
c. Clockwise
What is one major role that these gyres play in global climate?
b. Currents redistribute heat from the Equator to Northern latitudes
What is a positive effect of upwelling?
b. Creates an area of high nutrient levels along the coast
Where is upwelling most likely to occur?
a. Along the west coasts of continents
As water freezes or evaporates, what happens to the salinity of the remaining ocean water?
b. Salinity increases
Use Figure 4-5. In the diagram above, at what locations is water sinking?
I. 1
II. 2
III. 4
b. II only
Use Figure 4-5. In the diagram above, if Northern glaciers melt near location 2, what consequence may occur?
b. Water would become less salty, preventing sinking
Use Figure 4-5. Why is the global current in the diagram above significant?
d. It helps to regulate climate by transporting heat from the equator
Which of the following is true about El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)?

I. Upwelling is suppressed off the coast of South America
II. This phenomenon is human caused and related to global warming
III. The tradewinds weaken, allowing warm water to move eastward
d. I and III
In what location does El Niño occur?
c. Tropical Pacific Ocean
he rain shadow effect can have a large effect on local climate. When the rain shadow effect is occurring, which side of the mountain tends to receive more rain?
a. Windward side
You observe a mountain that has lush vegetation on one side and a dry desert on the other side. What would be the most likely explanation for your observations?
d. The rain shadow effect
Use Figure 4-6. What phenomenon does the above figure represent?
e. Rain shadow effect
Use Figure 4-7. According to the graph above, what biome would you expect to find in an area with an average temperature of 10o C and 100 cm of precipitation annually?
e. Temperate seasonal forest
Use Figure 4-7. According to the diagram above, what biome would you expect to find in an area with an average temperature of 25o C and 200 cm of precipitation annually?
b. Tropical seasonal forest/savanna
Use Figure 4-10. In the diagram above, which of the zones is the benthic zone?
e. E
Use Figure 4-8. The northern lights are caused by solar radiation hitting charged gas molecules in which layer?
d. D
e Figure 4-9. In the diagram above, which of the zones is the benthic zone?
d. D
se Figure 4-10. In the diagram above, in which zone does most photosynthesis occur?
b. B
Which biome has plants with adaptations that prevent water loss, such as smaller leaves with few pores for gas exchange?
e. Subtropical desert
What factors are used to classify a biome?
I. Average temperature
II. Average precipitation
III. Distinctive plants adapted to area
e. I, II and III
Use Figure 4-9. In which of the zones in the diagram above would you be most likely to find bacteria engaged in chemosynthesis?
e. E
Use Figure 4-8. Which of the zones in the diagram above is the stratosphere?
b. B
Use Figure 4-2. Use the graph above to determine how much water would fall (in grams/m3) as precipitation if the temperature of the air saturated with water vapor fell from 30o C to 10o C.
c. 20 g
Which of the following is true about El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)?
I. Upwelling is suppressed off the coast of South America
II. This phenomenon is human caused and related to global warming
III. The tradewinds weaken, allowing warm water to move eastward
d. I and III
The rain shadow effect can have a large effect on local climate. When the rain shadow effect is occurring, which side of the mountain tends to receive more rain?
a. Windward side
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