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DE Western Civilization Aswell Chapter 16

Terms in this set (55)

Gods creation was worth studying, logical analysis to systematic observation
medieval science says that ?
renaissance humanist
? proved there was more than 1 view
Aristotle
? was one of the first physicians
galen
? works were translated from greek to ptolemy
alchemy
medieval chemical philosophy based on changing metal into gold; a seemingly magical power or process of the transformation of matter
humans were at the center of the universe whereas God was at the outer edge with the saved souls
2 worlds said that humans were where and God was where ?
nicolaus copernicus
math mathematician and astronomer ?
where is God? what is the role of humans in the universe if they are not in the center?
Copernicus created doubt ab the ptolemaic system saying:
Johannes kepler
Assistant to Brahe; used Brahe's data to prove that the earth moved in an elliptical, not circular, orbit; Wrote 3 laws of planetary motion based on mechanical relationships and accurately predicted movements of planets in a sun-centered universe; Demolished old systems of Aristotle and Ptolemy
Brahe
had extensive observations ?
" music of the spheres"
? was the numerical relationship existing between the planets and mirrored by the human soul - a divine creation
there were 3 elliptical orbits - the speed of planets was greater closer to the sun, planets with larger orbits revolve at a slower average velocity than those with smaller orbits
the laws of planetary motion by Kepler said :
there was no uniform motion of the planets and they were not crystalline spheres
Kepler discredited the ptolemaic system by saying :
galileo
? Italian astronomer and mathematician who was the first to use a telescope to study the stars
craters on the moon, moons of Jupiter, phases of Venus and sun spots - they were first used as spy glasses
the telescope saw ?
the rest of the universe was composed of material substances, had no real mathematical basis for his theories unlike those before him
the starry messenger said :
condemned by the church
galileo was ?
condemn Galileo and put him on house arrest
galileo said that humans were no longer the center and God was not in a specific place - church thought they were under attack which led them to
Issac newton
? believed God was the creator and that he was everywhere
chair of mathematic at Cambridge university
Issac newton was on the ? where he invented calculus and studied rates of change
mathematical proof for laws of graduation and the rules of reasoning
mathematical principles of natural philosophy : the principia was ?
three laws of motion
laws that govern the movement of all objects, at all time, and in all circumstances. formulated by Newton
gravity
? says every object is attracted to another object in the universe , directly proportional to the product of their masses
the universe operated according to natural laws - time, space and motion
world seen in mechanistic terms says that :
galen, Andreas Vesalius, and William harvey
3 medieval scholars : ?,?, and ?
galen
Greek surgeon of the Roman Empire, he described heart valves and studied arteries and veins, did animal discretions, said there were two blood types
Andreas Vesalius
a Flemish surgeon who is considered the father of modern anatomy - said chemical philosophy was based on experiments and observations, and disease was caused by chemical imbalance and could be treated with chemicals
paracelsus
rejected the work of Aristotle and Galen and attacked universities. He followed a chemical philosophy that a human was a small replica of the larger world. He used chemical remedies that went for each sickness, He is associated with diagnosis and treatment of disease.
on the fabric of the human body
? was an anatomy book written by Andreas utilizing advances in art and printing
Andreas
? corrected galens errors and said that blood vessels do not originate In the liver - although he was also wrong in thinking there were only two kinds of blood
on the motion of the heart and blood
William Harvey's discoveries of the role of the heart in the circulatory system, published in 1628 ?
Boyle
Father of modern chemistry - said the volume of gas varies by the pressure exerted on it. he conducted controlled experiments. said matter is composed of atoms
read classics
women were encouraged to ?
participate in husbands trade
German women were allowed to ?
women
1 of 7 German astronomers were ?
maria winklemann
? was trained by her husband and father, she discovered a comet but did not receive the credit for the discovery
rene descartes
17th century French philosopher; wrote Discourse on Method; 1st principle "i think therefore i am"; believed mind and matter were completly seperate; known as father of modern rationalism
rene
? had doubts ab what he had learned
discourse on method
acceptance of the things that renes reason said were true
I think therefore I am
Rene Descartes starting point
mind can not be doubted but he physical world can - matter was seen as inert
separation of mind and matter said that the :
blaise pascal
sought to keep science and religion united, created mystical vision - a new system of mathematical theory, sought to convert rationalist to christianity, said reason has its limits
Francis bacon
developed the scientific method correctly built upon inductive principles, rejected Copernicus and Kepler, misunderstood Galileo, proceeded from the particular to the general
English Royal Society
? had informal meetings at London and Oxford / received a formal charter in 1662 from Charles ll
French royal academy
had informal meetings in paris and were formally recognized by Louis XlV, received state funding, were appointed and earned salaries
Cartesian Dualism
Descartes principle of the separation of mind and matter ( and mind and body) that enabled scents to view matter as something separate from themselves that could be investigated by reason
empiricism
the practice of relying on observation and experiment
geocentric conception
the idea that the earth is at the center of the universe and that the sun and other celestial objects revolve around the earth
heliocentric theory
the idea that the sun(not the earth) is at eh center of the universe
hermeticism
an intellectual movement beginning in the fifteenth century that taught that divinity is embodied in all aspects of nature; included works on alchemy and magic as well as theology and philosophy. The tradition continued into the seventeenth century and influenced many of the leading figures of the Scientific Revolution
querelles des femmes
"arguments about women." A centuries-old debate about the nature of women that continued during the Scientific Revolution as those who argued for the inferiority of women found additional support in the new anatomy and medicine.
rationalism
a system of thought based on the belief that human reason and experience are the chief sources of knowledge
scientific method
a method of seeking knowledge through inductive principles, uses experiments and observations to develop generalizations
scientific revolution
the transition from the medieval worldview to a largely secular, rational, and materialistic perspective; began in the seventeenth century and was popularized in the eighteenth
world- machine
Newton's conception of the universe as one huge, regulated, and uniform machine that operated according to natural laws in absolute time, space, and motion.
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