pol

A direct democracy is a system in which:

a) representatives meet to discuss policy and make decisions.
b)the masses have certain rights, but decisions are made by a council.
c) citizens are permitted to vote directly on laws and policies.
an elite makes decisions for the society.
d) an elite makes decisions for the society.
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Terms in this set (75)
A direct democracy is a system in which:

a) representatives meet to discuss policy and make decisions.
b)the masses have certain rights, but decisions are made by a council.
c) citizens are permitted to vote directly on laws and policies.
an elite makes decisions for the society.
d) an elite makes decisions for the society.
c) citizens are permitted to vote directly on laws and policies.
in a democracy, popular sovereignty is vested in:

a) the president.
b) Congress.
c) the federal government.
d) the people.
d) the people.
In a representative democracy, public policies are determined by:

a) officials regularly chosen by the people.
b) consensus.
c) a small group of individuals such as landowners or military officials.
d) arrangements such as popular referendums and initiatives.
a) officials regularly chosen by the people.
If you believe that most laws should be passed through popular initiatives or ballot referendums, which form of governance would you prefer?

a) representative democracy
b) totalitarianism
c) direct democracy
d) monarchy
c) direct democracy
if you believe you can affect government, you believe you possess a sense of political

a) socialization.
b) culture.
c)satisfaction.
d) efficacy.
d) efficacy.
The principle that suggests "one person, one vote" refers to

a) social equality.
b) equality of opportunity.
c) equality of outcome.
d) political equality.
d) political equality.
The government of the United States is best characterized as

a) a direct democracy.
b) authoritarian.
c) totalitarian.
d) a republic.
d) a republic.
The key political values of the United States are

a) liberty, equality, and democracy.
b) liberty, democracy, and capitalism.
c) liberty, equality, and minority rights.
d) liberty and responsibility.
a) liberty, equality, and democracy.
Under a system of laissez-faire capitalism, the role of government is to

a) interfere with the market as little as possible.
b) regulate the market in order to protect the public.
c) choose the most successful industries.
d) ensure access to free public education.
a) interfere with the market as little as possible.
As a result of the increasing availability of the internet, the United States is seeing a rise in __________ citizenship.

a) offline
b) digital
c) social
d) political
b) digital
Distrust in government best explains which one of the following? a) an increase in numbers of undocumented immigrants b) the rise of ISIS c) the rise of political outsiders in the 2015-2016 elections d) Russian interference in electionsc) the rise of political outsiders in the 2015-2016 electionsWhich of the following is the term generally used to describe the institutions and procedures through which a territory and its people are ruled? a) government b) legislature c) economy d) politicsa) governmentAn aging population poses challenges to the United States because a) it raises questions about how to fund programs for the elderly such as Social Security. b) of the decrease in the population who are military ready. c) of a significant increase of people in the workforce. d) of a decrease in of digital citizenship.a) it raises questions about how to fund programs for the elderly such as Social Security.Although not as an enduring a topic of political controversy in the US as compared to other countries, discussion of which type of inequality has risen specifically due to the recession of 2008? a) racial inequality b) gender inequality c) income inequality d) ethnic inequalityc) income inequalityWhich of the following statements is accurate? a) Income inequality has been relatively stable throughout American history. b) The numbers of poor and near poor have recently steadied. c) By 2015 income inequality was lessening, with the top 1 percent earning about 1 percent of the national income. d) By 2015 income inequality has widened once again, with the top 1 percent earning 20.3 percent of the national income.d) By 2015 income inequality has widened once again, with the top 1 percent earning 20.3 percent of the national income.A belief in equality of opportunity is a) a major part of U.S. political culture. b) secondary to a belief of total freedom in U.S. political culture. c) not a part of U.S. political culture. d) viewed similarly by both U.S. and European political cultures.aA government is made up of the a) corporate structure of a nation. b) military-industrial establishment. c) formal institutions that rule a people and territory. d) political ideologies of elected officials.cGovernments whose powers are limited through a system of rules and institutions are known as __________ governments. a) constitutional b) oligarchic c) totalitarian d) authoritarianaPersonal and economic freedom are both definitions of a)liberty. B) equality. c) capitalism. d) minority rights.aThe conflicts and struggles over a government's leadership, structure, and policies is called a) politics. b) constitutionalism. c) power. d) authority.aWhich of the following statements regarding voting is most accurate? a) Citizens with less political knowledge participate more. b)Citizens with more political knowledge participate less. c) Citizens with more political knowledge participate more. d)Political knowledge has no noticeable effect on participation rates.cIf you lived under a government that had unlimited political power, you would be living in which of the following regime types? a) totalitarian b) democratic c) capitalist d) representativeaWhich of the following can be said to have characterized American politics for much of the past half-century? a) a rising practice of bipartisanism B) a growing level of voter participation c) a pervasive sense of apathy and distrust d) a decrease in digital citizenshipcWhich of the following statements about recent immigration trends and the foreign-born population in the United States is accurate? a) Census figures for 2016 show that the total Hispanic proportion of the population is now 25 percent. b) People born in Asia constitute the second-largest group of foreign-born residents, making up about 31 percent. c) In 2016, 7 percent of the population was born outside the United States. d)Nearly 10 percent of the population now identifies itself as of "two or more races."bAmerican democracy rests on the principle of __________ rule with __________ rights. a) minority; majority b) Democratic; Republican c) majority; minority d) Republican; DemocraticcCongress's ability to pass laws necessary to carry out its expressed powers is known as the __________ clause. a) expressed powers b) federalism c) delegated powers d) elasticdIn the debate between Federalists and Antifederalists over limited government: a) Antifederalists wanted the powers of the national government to be broad and unlimited. b) Federalists favored a national government that was carefully specified and limited. c) Antifederalists considered a bill of rights to be unnecessary. d) Federalists favored a national government with broad powers.dWhich of the following most demonstrated the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation, leading to the Constitutional Convention? a) Boston Massacre b) Battle of Bunker Hill c)Battle of Gettysburg d) Shays's RebelliondThe Articles of Confederation a) promoted a strong executive government. B) created a strong central government. c) maintained state independence, freedom, and sovereignty. d) created a nationwide judiciary.cThe Bill of Rights mollified concerns about a) an overly powerful central government. b) conflict between branches of the federal government. c) the weakness of government, as exemplified by Shays's Rebellion. d) blurring the political lines between the branches of government.aThe core component of the Virginia Plan was that a) individual state laws would supersede national law. b) each state would be equally represented in the new regime, regardless of the size of its population. c) a weak central government would be needed to protect individual states from aristocratic tyranny. d) it provided for a system of representation in the national legislature based on the population of each state, the proportion of each state's revenue contribution to the national government, or both.dThe executive leader or presiding officer specified by the Articles of Confederation a) did not exist; the Articles specified no executive leader. b) was appointed by the state legislatures. c) was appointed by Congress. d) enjoyed the support of popular opinion.aThe New England-based merchants and southern planters a) organized together in support of the taxes imposed by the Stamp and Sugar Acts. d) were key rivals that comprise the Jeffersonians and Antifederalists, respectively. c) opposed different factions within Parliament. d) organized together in opposition to taxes imposed by the Stamp Act and the Sugar Act.dMarbury v. Madison (1803) established which power that was not expressly written in the Constitution? a) executive prerogative b) judicial review c) congressional supremacy d) states' rightsbUnder the Great Compromise, the Senate a) became the arena for large states to dominate. b) was an arena wherein large and small states would compete on equal footing. c) differed very little from representation patterns in the Articles of Confederation. d) could be overruled by the House of Representatives.bWhich of the following did the Antifederalists most vigorously disapprove of? a) the elastic clause b) the Tenth Amendment c) Article V of the Constitution d) Article III of the ConstitutionaWhich of the following statements about the Declaration of Independence is accurate? a) It made no attempts to forge a national or American unity for fear of creating another monarchy to replace the British one. b) It used the language of Britain's own constitution against it by asserting that individual citizens possess certain inalienable rights. c) It specifically identified and focused on grievances, aspirations, and principles that might unify the various colonial groups. d) It was written jointly by members of the First Continental Congress and adopted by the Second Continental Congress.cStates are granted the right to powers not given to the national government by the Constitution through which of the following? a) First Amendment b) Declaration of Independence c) Three-Fifths Compromise d) Tenth AmendmentdWhich of the following structural aspects was established for the legislature by the Constitution? a) Senators were given four-year terms of office. b) The Senate was given the sole power to generate revenue bills. c) The Senate was given the power to approve presidential appointments. d) The House was given the power to ratify treaties.cIf you supported ratification of the Constitution and preferred a stronger national government than the Articles of Confederation provided, you would most likely belong to which group? a) Federalist b) Antifederalist c) Jeffersonian d) WashingtonianaCitizens and the media today often frown on congressional deliberations and government's slow pace. What might the Founders argue about the slow pace of government? a) It may be a benefit because it compels government to take many interests and viewpoints into account when making policies. b) It is a hindrance to democracy and more authoritative government is needed. c) Government inaction leads to a decline in citizen wellbeing. d) Such a slow pace of government is the reason they set congressional term limits.aThe Federalist Papers were written by a) John Adams, Alexander Hamilton, and James Madison. b) John Jay, Alexander Hamilton, and Thomas Jefferson. c) Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison. d) Alexander Hamilton, George Washington, and James Madison.cWhich of the following actions did the delegates of the first Continental Congress take? a) They declared independence from Great Britain. b) They called for a total boycott of British goods. c) They elected George Washington as general of the Colonial Army. d) They wrote the pamphlet Common Sense, which argued for independence from British rule.bThe focus of the Declaration of Independence on "life liberty, and the pursuit of happiness" was most inspired by which political philosopher? a) Thomas Hobbes b) Alexis de Tocqueville c) John Locke d) Edmund BurkecA president who enacts a veto over legislation proposed by Congress is using which of the following constitutional principles? a) reserved powers b) national supremacy c) checks and balances. d) executive privilegecIf Congress wants to create a law based on constitutional principles that are not expressly mentioned in the text, what power does it use to do so? a) establishment clause b) national supremacy clause c) congressional powers clause d) elastic clausedIf you were living in colonial America, what issue more than any other would most likely motivate you to rebel against Great Britain? a) trade b) taxes c) tariffs d) foreign alliancesbWhich of the following statements is true about the Three-Fifths Compromise? a) It settled the question of how many senators each state would get. b) It created a system to elect the president of the United States. c) Under this compromise, five slaves would count as three free persons in apportioning seats in the House of Representatives. d) Only three-fifths of all slaves were allowed to vote in national elections.cGenerally speaking, if a state or local law contradicts federal law, it is more likely to be ruled unconstitutional if challenged in courts because of the __________ clause. a) commerce b) supremacy c) necessary and proper d) full faith and creditbWhich two entities have responsibility for overseeing the appointment and approval of federal judges? a) the president and the House of Representatives b) the Senate and the president c) the president and the Supreme Court d) the Senate and the Supreme CourtbSome states have legalized certain drugs even though those same drugs are illegal according to national law. This contrast occurs because the United States has which type of government? a) unitary b) a monarchy c) a confederation d) federaldA unitary system is a a) government in which states hold power over a limited national government. b) government in which the national government holds most authority. c) government in which power is distributed between the state and national governments. d) weak government that has limited power.bOf the powers contained within the U.S. Constitution, which are most clearly articulated? a) executive powers b) reserved powers c) expressed powers d) implied powerscGeneral revenue-sharing grants are a central component of the process of devolution, which is a policy a) in which local and state governments ask the federal government for more aid in a particular area. b) of adding an additional layer of government to achieve optimal outcomes. c) to remove a program from one level of government by delegating it or passing it down to a lower form of government. d) allowing for a project to be unfunded in cases where no layer of government claims responsibility.cIn what way does the comity clause promote national unity? a) It limits the strength of the supremacy clause by maintaining some state power in matters of internal and interstate commerce. b) It establishes that the federal government would have to offer the same grants, and same grant conditions, uniformly to the states. c) It prevents states from discriminating against someone from another state or giving special privileges to their own residents. d) It forces states to enforce the laws of other states.cThe full faith and credit clause a) requires that the national government meet its financial obligations to the states. b) reserves power to the state government to regulate the health and safety of its citizens. c) requires that each state's public actions and judicial proceedings be honored by the other states. d) allows Congress to make all laws necessary and proper to carry out its expressed powers.cThe necessary and proper clause (Article I, Section 8) of the U.S. Constitution is the source of which of the following powers? a) delegated b) reserved c) expressed d) implieddIf your city or town's government had certain powers delegated to it by your state government in order for it to manage some of its own affairs, your local government would have been granted a) local rule. b) states' rights. c) home rule. d) local rights.cThe Tenth Amendment states that a) all people are guaranteed freedom of speech and freedom of religion. b) the powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people. c) no state shall deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. d) Congress makes all laws that are "necessary and proper" for the implementation of its expressed powers.bThe U.S. Supreme Court upheld the right of the national government to create a national bank and reaffirmed the notion of national supremacy in which landmark case? a) Chisholm v. Georgia (1793) b) Barron v. Baltimore (1833) c) Marbury v. Madison (1803) d) McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)dWhat is an unfunded mandate? a) a federal law that requires the states to do certain things but does not provide state governments with the funding to implement these policies b) a federal policy objective that lacks the required federal funding to achieve implementation, and for which the national government must rely on state aid c) an action the U.S. Supreme Court can use to enforce decisions that relate to both the legislative and executive branches d) a state-generated law or policy objective that fails to receive additional funding by the federal governmentaWhat is the defining characteristic of dual federalism? a) The national government has more powers granted to it than the state or local governments. b) State governments have more powers granted to them than the local or federal governments. c) States and the federal government share responsibility concerning most powers. d) Local governments have more powers granted to them than the state or federal governments.bIf a state refused to recognize the marriage of a same-sex couple, and a case went to court about the nonrecognition, which case would be the precedent mandating the state to recognize the marriage? a) Brown v. Board of Education (1954) b) Dole v. South Dakota (1985) c) Obergefell v. Hodges (2015) d) Alabama v. Garrett (2001)cWhich of the following has been a key characteristic of federalism in the United States since the year 2000? a) the Supreme Court's rejection of a greater role for federal power in the regulation of health care b) greater state initiative in the realm of immigration law and policy due to federal inaction c) a broad reduction in federal power under Republican presidential leadership d) a general trend in Supreme Court decisions toward weaker federal control over the statesbWhich of the following issues has been the most controversial between states and the federal government during the Trump administration? a) immigration b) same-sex marriage c) health care d) terrorismaWhich type of grant provides the most control to state and local governments in the distribution of federal grants-in-aid? a) formula b) project c) categorical d) blockdWhy is post-New Deal federalism sometimes referred to as "marble cake" or cooperative federalism? a) Post-New Deal federalism created a system in which national grants encouraged states to implement national policies, somewhat blurring the lines between national and state governments. b) It saw an end to the process of grants-in-aid to states, resulting in a clearer division of policy goals between the states and the national government. c) It saw the rise of the dual federalist model, in which most fundamental governmental powers were shared between the federal and state governments. d) It developed a form of cooperative federalism that favored state policy over national policy.aBlock grants consist of federal aid to state or local governments that is a) divided into discrete "blocks" of grants, each capped at $50 million. b) to be spent on any policy area decided on by the state or local government. c) to be spent within a specified policy area, though without the narrow regulations of categorical grants. d) contingent on state or local endorsement of some contentious piece of federal legislation.cA power that is held by both the states and the national government (for example the power of taxation) best fits which of the following concepts? a) reserved power b) concurrent power c) expressed power d) implied powerbCooperative federalism is best defined as a) a form of federalism in which Congress imposes legislation on states and localities, requiring them to meet national standards. b) a type of federalism existing since the New Deal era in which grants-in-aid have been used strategically to encourage states and localities to pursue nationally defined goals. c) the system of government that prevailed in the United States from 1789 to 1937, in which most fundamental governmental powers were shared between the federal and state governments. d) a centralized system of government in which lower levels of government have little power independent of the national government.bIn a federal system, power is distributed a) within the state governments. b) between the state and local governments. c) within the national government. d) between the state and national governments.dMost of the rules and regulations Americans face in their daily lives, especially domestic concerns such as enforcing criminal codes, administering health and safety rules, and regulating the family via marriage and divorce laws, are set by a) state and local governments. b) the federal government. c) regulatory commissions. d) the U.S. Supreme Court.aIf members of a state legislature want to establish new powers that are not expressed in the U.S. Constitution, what allows them to so do? a) the Declaration of Independence b) eminent domain c) the Tenth Amendment d) home rulecWhat type of situation in American federalism has often resulted in the act of preemption?A state action is found to be inconsistent with a federal requirement.Which of the following would best exemplify a characteristic of a unitary system of government?The national government selects the textbooks and curriculum for all schools.