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chapter 9 quiz

Terms in this set (80)

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Question 1
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Crawling, walking, writing, dressing, naming colors, speaking in sentences, and starting puberty are all examples of ________.
developmental milestones
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Question 2
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Who believed that moral development, like cognitive development, follows a series of stages?
Lawrence Kohlberg
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Question 3
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Early maturing girls are ________.
at a higher risk of depression, substance abuse, and eating disorders
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Question 4
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In the ________ stage, children use words and images to represent things, but they lack logical reasoning.
preoperational
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Question 5
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The continuous development approach views development as a ________.
cumulative process
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Question 6
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Marcy is 15 months old, and her father is insensitive and inattentive her needs. Marcy reacts to him the same way she reacts to a stranger—she doesn't care if he leaves the room and when he returns she is slow to notice or react. What kind of attachment is this?
avoidant
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Question 7
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According to attachment theory, which of the following is not needed for healthy attachment?
Caregiver must be responsive to a child's religious preference.
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Question 8
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________ is a long-standing connection or bond with others.
attachment
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Question 9
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Grasping a toy, writing with a pencil, and using a spoon are all examples of ________ motor skills.
fine
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Question 10
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The concept conservation refers to ________.
knowing that even if you change the appearance of something, it is still equal in size as long as nothing has been removed or added
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Question 11
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A ________ is any environmental agent—biological, chemical, or physical—that causes damage.
teratogen
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Question 12
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Madeline is seven months old. Her mother is eating a cookie and Madeline wants some. Her mother hides the cookie under a napkin, but Madeline is not fooled. She knows the cookie is still there. What does this exemplify?
object permanence
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Question 13
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Jory, a six year old, is picking out a card for his mother's birthday. He picks the card with a picture of Lightning McQueen, reasoning that since he loves Cars his mother does to. What does this exemplify?
egocentrism
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Question 14
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Ego identity is our ________.
sense of self
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Question 15
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Which of the following statements about parenting styles is true?
In some ethnic groups, authoritarian parenting is as beneficial as authoritative parenting.
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Question 16
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When children develop theory-of-mind (TOM), they can recognize that ________.
others have false beliefs
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Question 17
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It is hard to tell how Guy's father will respond to Guy. Sometimes he is responsive to Guy's needs, but he is just as likely to ignore Guy. At 18 months old, Guy clings to his father, but he is just as likely to reject his father if his father tries to play with him. Guy becomes angry when his father leaves, and Guy is difficult to comfort even after his father returns. What kind of attachment is this?
resistant
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Question 18
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During the elementary school stage (ages 6-12), children begin to compare themselves to their peers to see how they measure up. They either develop a sense of accomplishment or they feel inadequate when they don't measure up. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?
industry vs. inferiority
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Question 19
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________ development involves growth and changes in the body and brain, the senses, motor skills, and health and wellness.
physical
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Question 20
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Which of the following does not occur during the concrete operational stage?
Children begin to use language.
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Question 21
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________ development involves learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity.
cognitive
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Question 22
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Which of the following is a developmental issue children face during the concrete operational stage?
conservation
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Question 23
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What should be changed to make the following sentence true? The zygote is a structure connected to the uterus that provides nourishment and oxygen from the mother to the developing embryo via the umbilical cord.
The word "zygote" should be changed to the word "placenta."
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Question 24
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Which of the following illustrates conservation?
Scott knows that one piece of pizza cut into two slices is the same amount as cutting the same piece of pizza into three slices.
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Question 25
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What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Children with FASD may have a large head size and abnormal facial features, poor judgment, poor impulse control, higher rates of ADHD, learning issues, and lower IQ scores.
The word "large" should be changed to the phrase "below average."
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Question 26
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What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Erik Erikson's psychosocial development theory emphasizes the sexual nature of our development rather than its social nature.
The words "sexual" and "social" should be switched.
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Question 27
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________ are concepts (mental models) that are used to help us categorize and interpret information.
schemata
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Question 28
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18-month-old Gordon learned the schema for apples. When Gordon sees tomatoes at the grocery store, he says, "Look mommy, apples!" His mother tells him that the food he sees at the store is a tomato, not an apple. He now has separate schemata for tomatoes and apples. This exemplifies ________.
accommodation
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Question 29
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________ skills refer to our ability to move our bodies and manipulate objects.
motor
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Question 30
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Who called the stages of development psychosexual stages?
Sigmund Freud
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Question 31
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Which of the following is a developmental issue children face during the sensorimotor stage?
stranger anxiety
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Question 32
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In a(an) ________, developmental psychologists collect a great deal of information from one individual in order to better understand physical and psychological changes over the lifespan.
case study
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Question 33
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Elroy decided not to cheat on the exam because he would fail the class if he was caught. What stage of moral development does this exemplify?
pre-conventional
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Question 34
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Dorothy knows songs and rhymes by memory. She can name most colors and numbers, she can even write the letters of her name. Assuming she reached these cognitive and language development milestones at the average age, about how old is Dorothy?
four
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Question 35
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Which parenting style is most encouraged in modern America?
authoritative
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Question 36
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According to Jean Piaget, in what stage do children begin to use language?
preoperational
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Question 37
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In ________ thinking, decisions are made based on situations and circumstances, and logic is integrated with emotion as adults develop principles that depend on contexts.
postformal
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Question 38
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Emily is a doctoral student in psychology. She plans to use ________ to complete her doctoral paper, asking individuals to self-report important information about how their thoughts, experiences, and beliefs differ over a 10-year period.
surveys
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Question 39
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During the early childhood years, the number of words a child uses increases at a rapid pace. This is sometimes referred to as the ________.
vocabulary spurt
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Question 40
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Heroin, cocaine, methamphetamine, cigarettes, and alcohol are all examples of ________.
teratogens
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Question 41
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Children in the ________ stage can use abstract thinking to problem solve, look at alternative solutions, and test these solutions.
formal operational
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Question 42
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Sigmund Freud believed that personality develops ________.
during early childhood
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Question 43
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Which concept refers to the persistent difference in grades, test scores, and graduation rates that exist among students of different ethnicities, races, and sexes?
achievement gap
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Question 44
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Specific normative events are also called ________.
developmental milestones
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Question 45
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Adolescents (ages 12-18) experiment with and develop a sense of who they are and what roles they want to play. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?
identity vs. confusion
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Question 46
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________ development involves emotions, personality, and social relationships.
psychosocial
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Question 47
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During the ________ stage, children understand events and analogies logically, and they can perform simple mathematical operations.
concrete operational
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Question 48
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Who developed the psychosocial theory of development?
Erik Erikson
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Question 49
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A developmental psychologist might use ________ to observe how children behave on a playground, at a daycare center, or in the child's own home.
naturalistic observation
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Question 50
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A(an) ________ begins as a one-cell structure that is created when a sperm and egg merge.
zygote
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Question 51
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After age 65, most people are attempting to assess their lives and make sense of life and the meaning of their contributions. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?
integrity vs. despair
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Question 52
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Francis takes his six-month-old daughter to daycare. A substitute provider is there, and his daughter begins crying. She clings to her father and hides her face. What does this exemplify?
stranger anxiety
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Question 53
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What does nature refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate?
genes and biology
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Question 54
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What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Socioemotional discrimination theory suggests that our social support and friendships dwindle in number as we get older, but they remain as close, if not more close, than in our earlier years.
The word "discrimination" should be changed to the word "selectivity."
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Question 55
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As toddlers (ages 1-3 years) begin to explore their world, they learn that they can control their actions and act on the environment to get results. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?
autonomy vs. shame/doubt
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Question 56
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What does the normative approach ask regarding the lifespan?
What is normal development?
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Question 57
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Stage theories hold that the sequence of development is ________.
universal
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Question 58
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Which of the following is a developmental issue children face during the formal operational stage?
moral reasoning
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Question 59
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Which of the following is not one of the reasons for the new lifespan development category called emerging adulthood?
younger average age for marriage
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Question 60
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Between birth and one year, infants are dependent on their caregivers; therefore, caregivers who are responsive and sensitive to their infant's needs help their baby to develop a sense of the world as a safe, predictable place. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?
trust vs. mistrust
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Question 61
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Annaliese knows that her friend is paying an online service to write a term paper. This bothers her, but she knows that if she tells the teacher everyone will think she is a snitch. She decides her friends' approval is more important, so she says nothing about the cheating. What stage of moral reasoning does this exemplify?
conventional
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Question 62
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Which of the following is not a developmental issue children face during the preoperational stage?
object permanence
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Question 63
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Balancing, running, and jumping are all examples of ________ motor skills.
gross
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Question 64
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Rochelle has a glass of Kool-Aid. She pours her Kool-Aid into a toy teacup, and then she pours the Kool-Aid from the teacup into a beer stein. She then pours it from the beer stein back into the original glass. She knows the amount of Kool-Aid has not substantially changed. What does this exemplify?
reversibility
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Question 65
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When people reach their 40s, they enter the time known as middle adulthood, which extends to the mid-60s. This involves finding their life's work and contributing to the development of others through activities such as volunteering, mentoring, and raising children. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?
generativity vs. stagnation
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Question 66
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Theorists who view development as ________ believe that development takes place in unique stages.
discontinuous
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Question 67
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Carissa's parents let her stay up as late as she wants. She is allowed to pick out her own clothes and decide when and what she wants to eat. Her parents act more like her friends than authority figures. What kind of parenting style is this?
permissive
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Question 68
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Late maturing boys are ________.
at a higher risk of depression
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Question 69
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People in early adulthood (20s through early 40s) are ready to establish emotional closeness and maintain relationships with others. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?
intimacy vs. isolation
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Question 70
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During Jean Piaget's ________ stage, the world is experienced through senses and actions.
sensorimotor
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Question 71
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One-year-old Ainsley learned the schema for trucks because his family has a truck. When Ainsley sees trucks on television, she says, "Look mommy, truck!" This exemplifies ________.
assimilation
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Question 72
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Children whose parents have an authoritarian parenting style can be ________.
anxious, withdrawn, and unhappy
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Question 73
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Children who are developing disorganized attachment to their caregivers most likely have been ________.
abused
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Question 74
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Which term refers to the adjustment of a schema by adding information similar to what is already known?
assimilation
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Question 75
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Jules is participating in the Strange Situation experiment. When his mother returns, he freezes, and then behaves erratically. In fact, he runs away from his mother. What kind of attachment is this?
disorganized
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Question 76
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Soon after birth, a nurse almost drops Osei. He spreads his arms, pulls them back in, and then cries. This is an example of ________.
Moro reflex
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Question 77
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What is the primary psychosocial milestone of childhood?
developing a positive sense of self
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Question 78
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Umberto is a one year old, and his mother is sensitive and responsive to his needs. He is distressed when his mother leaves him, and he is happy to see her when she returns. What kind of attachment is this?
secure
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Question 79
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What does nurture refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate?
environment and culture
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Question 80
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Once children reach the preschool stage (ages 3-6 years), they are capable of originating activities and asserting control over their world through social interactions and play. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?
initiative vs. guilt
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