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Sociology Chapter #7

Terms in this set (34)

Which of the following is a difference between Marx's and Weber's views of social stratification and class?
Unlike Weber, Marx saw the structures of capitalism and the social system being overthrown.
Dennis Gilbert's model of the U.S. class structure, which is based on education, occupation of family head, and family income, was informed by the work of __________.
Max Weber
In the context of the Weberian model of the U.S. class structure, which of the following class categories is most shaped by formal education and comprises highly educated professionals such as physicians, attorneys, stockbrokers, and corporate managers?
The upper-middle class
Camryn started her career as a technician in a factory. With experience and by taking specialized courses in her field, she became an entrepreneur and started her own highly successful business. Camryn's advancement is an example of __________ mobility.
intragenerational
Which of the following types of poverty exists when people do not have the means to secure the most basic necessities of life?
absolute poverty
Kim-Lee founded a software development company at the age of 27. Over time, he developed the company into a multibillion-dollar transnational organization. He is currently the chief technical officer of the company, holds 75 percent stock of the company, and makes major decisions regarding the products that would be made available to consumers. In the context of Wright's model of the U.S. class structure, Kim-Lee belongs to the __________ class.
capitalist
In the context of the Weberian model of the U.S. class structure, which of the following groups of people most likely belongs to the underclass?
People without a living wage who must often rely on public- and private-assistance programs
Who among the following is likely to stress that schools are agencies for perpetuating social inequality because parents with low educational attainment and limited income are not able to provide the same educational opportunities for their children as families where at least one parent has more formal education?
Conflict theorists
The movement of individuals or groups from one level in a stratification system to another is called __________.
social mobility
In the context of the consequences of inequality on education in the United States, functionalist theorists are most likely to believe that
education allows for upward social mobility and advancement in society.
Which of the following terms did Weber use to refer to wealthy individuals who live off their investments and do not have to work?
rentiers
In the late 1970s, sociologist Diana Pearce coined the term "feminization of poverty" to refer to the trend in which
women are disproportionately represented among individuals living in poverty.
Caste systems and slavery are both
systems where status is determined at birth.
In the context of Max Weber's multidimensional approach to social stratification, the value of all of a person's or family's economic assets is called __________.
wealth
According to Marx, multiple aspects of work result in workers' alienation. Which of the following is one of these aspects?
Workers are alienated from the goods they produce because they use their creativity and labor to produce them but do not own them.
Which of the following terms did Karl Marx use to refer to those who own the means of production, such as the land and capital necessary for factories and mines?
The bourgeoisie
Who among the following is likely to stress that schools are agencies for perpetuating social inequality because parents with low educational attainment and limited income are not able to provide the same educational opportunities for their children as families where at least one parent has more formal education?
conflict theorists
In the context of the consequences of inequality on education in the United States, functionalist theorists are most likely to believe that
education allows for upward social mobility and advancement in society.
In the context of the Weberian model of the U.S. class structure, which of the following classes comprises members who have an annual income in the $25,000 range, live from just above to just below the poverty line, and typically hold unskilled jobs, seasonal migrant jobs in agriculture, low-paid factory jobs, and service jobs?
The working-poor class
In the context of the Weberian model of the U.S. class structure, which of the following groups of people most likely belongs to the underclass?
People without a living wage who must often rely on public- and private-assistance programs
Which of the following is a structural problem that has contributed to unemployment and poverty in the United States?
Technological advances and changing patterns of consumerism
Karl Marx's theory on social class and stratification had important insights into capitalist societies; for example, Marx recognized
the economic basis of class systems.
The term used by the Department of Agriculture to identify people whose access to adequate food is limited by lack of money and other resources is __________.
food insecure
The Davis-Moore thesis assumes that social stratification results in a hierarchy in which all positions are rewarded based on people's ability and credentials. This hierarchy is termed __________.
meritocracy
Which of the following racial-ethnic groups in the United States had the highest rate of poverty in 2018?
african-americans
Which of the following terms did sociologist Max Weber use to refer to the extent to which individuals have access to important societal resources such as food, clothing, shelter, education, and health care?
life chances
A reduction in the proficiency needed to perform a specific job, leading to a corresponding reduction in the wages for that job or in the use of nonhuman technologies to perform the work, is called __________.
job deskilling
A key problem with the Davis-Moore thesis is that it
assumes that self-fulfillment is the only effective motivator for people.
Anne, a factory worker, is promoted to the position of foreman in the factory. She receives a small increase in pay with the promotion. However, this change in her designation and income does not impact her position in the social class structure. In this scenario, Anne most likely experiences __________ mobility.
horizontal
In the context of the Weberian model of the U.S. class structure, which of the following class categories is most shaped by formal education and comprises highly educated professionals such as physicians, attorneys, stockbrokers, and corporate managers?
the upper-middle class
The term "pink-collar occupation" refers to __________.
a relatively low-paying, nonmanual, semiskilled position that is primarily held by women
Kevin is a clerk at a firm that provides investment services to customers, and he earns around $40,000 annually. Upon joining the firm, Kevin had to go through only a brief period of on-the-job training as his job requires him to perform mechanized tasks that require little skill beyond basic literacy. In the context of the Weberian model of the U.S. class structure, Kevin most likely belongs to the __________.
working class
Which of the following terms did Karl Marx use to refer to those who must sell their labor to the owners of the means of production to earn enough money to survive?
the proletariat
Which of the following terms describes the hierarchical arrangement of large social groups based on their control of basic resources?
social stratification
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