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Pediatric Neurological and Cognitive Disorders

Terms in this set (16)

What is the most common permanent physical disability in kids?
Cerebral Palsy
What is Cerebral Palsy normally caused by?
Anoxia
What are causes of cerebral palsy?
anoxia
meningitis
traumatic brain injury
intracranial hemorrhage
hypoglycemia
Classifications of Cerebral Palsy?
Spastic (Pyramidal)
dyskinetic (extrapyramidal)
Ataxic (Extrapyramidal)
Mixed type
What is the most common type of cerebral palsy?
Spastic (pyramidal)
Common medications for Cerebral Palsy
Botulinum toxin
Histamine H2 Agonists & PPI's
Anti-epileptic drugs
laxatives
Hydrocephalus
abnormal accumulation of fluid (CSF) in the brain
types of hydrocephalus
noncommunicating (obstruction)
communicating (↓reabosrption)
NPH (nl ICP, ↓reabsorption)
ex vacuo (brain atrophy, nl ICP)
Causes of hydrocephalus
Result of developmental defects
Usually apparent in early infancy
Other causes include neoplasms, infection, and trauma
Often associated with myelomeningocele
Common causes of meningitis
Group B strep
S. Pnumoniae
Neisseria meningtidis
Meningococcal meningitis
Reye's syndrome
potentially serious or deadly disorder in children that is characterized by vomiting and confusion.
What does Reye's syndrome affect?
Primarily affects brain (cerebral edema) and liver (fatty changes)
Assessment findings of Reye's Syndrome
History of viral illness
fever
profuse vomiting
elevated ammonia
prolonged bleeding times
Most common form of Spina Bifida
anencephaly cerebrum and cerebellum are absent
Types of Spina Bifida
spina bifida occulta, meningocele, myelomeningocele
Causes of Spina Bifida
Genetic
Environmental
Nutrient deficiency of folic acid
Can be detected in utero by alpha-feto protein or AFP
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