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CM180 The Nature and Business of Media (Week 10)

Terms in this set (17)

View from Nowhere
In an attempt to be unbiased, appear to be objective with different sides when there may only be one side so

-considered biased if you tell facts just from one side

ex. global warming doesn't have a contrasting view.

(So...you have to include statements of people saying GW not real to be non-biased but actually giving attention to falsehoods)
Issue w/ "Journalistic Objectivity"
ex. Newsrooms said that AAPI journalists shouldn't cover the Atlanta shooting bc a bias would show

ex. Black reporter barred from covering BLM protests

ex. Reporter told they were suspended to cover sexual assault because they were a survivor themselves

-notion that an identifier is a bias instead of an expertise
Illinois Valley Times vs The Gander
Illinois Valley Times- conservative local news site, byline says "staff" so don't know who wrote some articles

-not very open about being conservative, doesn't offer publishing standards, ad at top

The Gander- progressive local news site, more transparent of who publishes it, uses reporter bylines

-openly progressive, offers publishing standards, more socials
City of Flint, MI

-entire city being poisoned by its water supply
-high levels of lead in its water after changing from lake to river water
1. Local journalists say they were slow to respond because officials said water was ok
2. But local journalists eventually drove the story to receive national attention

-newspapers served as watchdogs to make gov. accountable

-gov. gaslighted residents by saying water fine even though smelly and poisonous
Early American Newspapers (pre-1830)

-pre-pay ie. subscriptions
-newspapers more opinion based
-expensive/ few could afford
-lower literacy

(Changed w/ industrial revolution)
-Audience primarily wealthy elite
-Published by political parties
-Focused on opinion, not news
-Expensive and had small circulation
-Generally bought by prepaid subscription
1830's Penny Press Revolution

-shift opinion to fact-based news
-journalism objectivity developed to appeal to large audiences
-origin of ads supporting the media system
-growing working-class allowed penny press to grow
-Benjamin Day's idea: The New York Sun - "It shines for all" (1833)

-Sold on the street for one or two cents

-Supported primarily by advertising
A Modern Democratic Society

-encourages you to buy stuff/consume
-Rapidly growing number of papers
-Growing number of people working for wages
-U.S. transforming from rural to urban society
-Expanding interest in national and global events
-Newspapers promoted democratic market society
-People acquire the news "habit"
Newspaper Wars: Pulitzer vs. Hearst (2 publishing kings who competed to expand audiences)


Joseph Pulitzer's New York World
1. Creation of the front page: above the fold (added pictures and a front-page so readers could know what's most important)

2. Often staged sensational stunts

3. Created headlines with news

4. Created journalistic storytelling (develop storytelling, prior news was just giving facts)

5. Targeting immigrants and women (b/c immigrants learning how to read and women reading more)
Nellie Bly (journalist)
Stunt journalism

-Innovative publisher for Joseph Pulitzer's New York World

-women's asylum, around the world in 80 days
Newspaper Wars: Pulitzer vs. Hearst

William Randolph Hearst's New York Journal
-1890s: Rise of yellow journalism (trying to outdo w/ sensational reporting)

-Popularized comics, including Yellow Kid

-Sensationalistic stories by both papers promoting Spanish-American War in Cuba (if it bleeds, it leads)
Tabloids (Sensational style today)

-still using yellow journalism style
-Smaller format newspapers written in a lively, often
sensationalistic, style

-New York Daily News, New York Post, Star, National Enquirer

-Racy London tabloids ex. Sun vs. Daily Mirror
Broadcast News - Radio Threatens Newspapers

(New media jeopardize old media)
-1920: KDKA covers Harding-Cox presidential election
results

-1930s: newspapers argue radio should not broadcast news
ex. 1938 The War of the Worlds radio broadcast irresponsible medium

-WW II: Edward R. Murrow broadcasting for CBS from Europe. Brought the war home for listeners

-Murrow reported on WWII, brought home stories of the war, could hear the instant conditions fo the war through the radio, later he joined TV news
TV Threatens Newspapers
-1940: republican national convention covered by
experimental NBC television network
(Murrow makes jump from radio to television)

-1948: CBS starts nightly 15-minute newscast

-1963: CBS expands newscast to 30 minutes with Walter Cronkite

-1979: ABC starts Nightline during Iranian hostage crisis
Cable Threatens Broadcast News

Cable on 24/7
-1980: CNN goes on the air, promises not to sign off
until the "end of the world"

-1991: Gulf War makes CNN the place to go for current news

-2000s: Fox News comes to dominate the cable news ratings with programming that takes a strong point of view (transparent about having conservative POV. MSNBC is progressive POV.)

-As of 2017, approximately 50% of Americans get news from television in some form
Newspapers Today

(Declining)

Due to digital, papers first put news online for free even though subscriptions paid print news. So lost money and then lost lots of advertisers
-Few cities have competing daily newspapers

-Most newspapers owned by large chains
ex. Largest chain is Gannett, publisher of USA Today; owns
approximately 260 daily papers

-Advertising revenue fell by two-thirds over last ten years

-NY Times, Wall Street Journal, Washington Post and Chicago Tribune all have rapidly growing digital circulation
News in the Age of Mobile Media

(future is mobile and social)
-National reach newspapers (NY Times, Washington
Post, etc.) seeing significant online growth

-Paper delivery is becoming less important

-"It's wrong to say we're becoming a digital society. We already are a digital society. And even that statement is behind the times. We're a mobile society" - Marty Barron, executive editor, Washington Post
The News Industry: Reflections of a Democratic [and Capitalist] Society
1. News characteristics

2. Penny Press

3. Yellow Journalism

4. Objectivity/View from Nowhere
Sets found in the same folder