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Physics 3 - Reading Quiz Week 4 Study Guide

Terms in this set (45)

The LD50/60 is the dose of radiation to the whole-body that will result in death within _____ to _____% of the irradiated population.
60 days, 50
The most radiosensitive period during pregnancy for radiation induced congenital abnormalities is during the ______.
first trimester
About half of the population will experience skin erythema following a localized dose of _____ Gy.
5
The most radiosensitive cells in the hematopoietic system of the human body are the ________.
lymphocytes
People who had radiation treatments to their thymus gland as children later showed excess risk for _____.
thyroid cancers
Radiation-induced leukemia has a latent period of _____ years.
4-7
Data showing radiation-induced human genetic abnormalities _____.
does not exist
The LD 50/60 for humans is approximately ____ Gy.
3.5
A local dose of ____ rad(s) or more can cause gonadal dysfunction
10
Localized doses of 7 Gy to the skin can cause _______.
permanent hair loss
______ are among the most radioresistive species.
cockroaches
_____ is a stochastic effect of radiation exposure.
cancer
Radiation induced skin cancer in radiotherapy patients has occurred with _______.
a threshold dose-response
Some radiation victims of _____ syndrome(s) may recover completely.
hematologic
it is difficult to link cancer to radiation exposure because it occurs _____ in the population.
in high proportion
The threshold dose for cataract formation is known to be _____ mSv of acute exposure to the eyes.
2
Radiation protection guidelines are based on _______.
stochastic effects of radiation
The stem cells of the ovaries multiply during ________.
fetal growth
Ankylosing spondylitis patients treated with radiation showed an increased incidence of ______.
leukemia
A subject would not experience ______ following a dose high enough to cause CNS syndrome
hematologic syndrome
gastrointestinal syndrome
Chronic low doses of radiation have _____ effect on fertility.
no
High doses of radiation to a localized area can lead to _____ of tissues and organs in that area.
reduction in size
shrinkage
total loss of function
An epidemiological study of the stochastic effects of very low doses of radiation requires a population of _____ people.
millions
During the latent period, the radiation victim experiences ______.
well-being
Immediately following a whole body dose of 10 Gy the victim would experience (a) ________
prodromal symptoms
A person subjected to 50 Gy to the whole body may survive for ______ before death occurs.
3 days
Gonadal responses to radiation have been observed at doses as low as _____ Gy.
0.1
A dose of _____Gy or more to a small area of the body can cause skin erythema.
2
Relative risk is ________.
observed cases/expected cases
The central nervous system syndrome occurs following a whole body dose of ____ Gy or more.
50
People who were employed painting radium watch dials later showed excess risk for _____ cancer.
bone
The theory of radiation hormesis suggests that radiation doses below 0.1 mGy are _____.
beneficial
Studies of A-bomb survivors indicate that leukemia has a _____ dose-response relationship to radiation.
linear, nonthreshold
Ovaries are most radiosensitive during ______.
fetal growth
early childhood
The destruction of _____ cells in the intestinal lining causes death from GI syndrome.
stem
The minimum dose lethal to humans is _____ Gy to the whole body.
2
A _____ effect increases in incidence but not severity as the dose increases.
stochastic
Skin effects from localized doses of radiation follow a _____ dose-response relationship.
nonlinear, threshold
A study of an irradiated population which showed a relative risk factor below 1.0 would indicate that the population had a _____ risk.
reduced
What would be the most likely immediate response to a whole body dose of 2Gy?
diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting
Death from acute radiation exposure follows a _______ dose-response relationship
nonlinear, threshold
A single chromosome aberration represents _____ to the DNA within the chromosome.
severe damage
Our information on the genetic effects of radiation has come from studies of ______.
mice
fruit flies
Low doses of radiation have been shown to cause ______.
chromosome damage
There is usually a _____ before the symptoms of acute radiation syndromes appear.
latent period
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