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Social Science
Psychology
Clinical Neuropsychology
Med Aspects Week 9
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Gravity
Stroke, TBI
Terms in this set (84)
traumatic brain injury: cause
caused by a blow or jolt to the head, or a penetrating head injury, that disrupts the normal functioning of the brain
TBI: types
open/penetrating injuries
closed head injuries
open/penetrating TBI
skull is fractured
closed head TBI
skull intact
bruising/tear in brain tissue
damage: focal or diffuse
blast injury (caused by explosions)
military-related TBI
military-related TBI
signature wound of recent wars
no outer sign, but damage to brain due to soft tissue slamming up against the inside wall of the skull
(from speaker notes) improvised explosive devices
soldiers who might have died in earlier conflicts are surviving because high-tech helmets and body armor protect the head and torso from penetrating wounds
glasgow coma scale (TBI)
global assessment of neurologic status
rough indicator of injury severity
scores based on eye opening, verbalizations, and motor response
TBI classification by severity: levels
severe
moderate
mild TBIs or concussions
severe TBI
coma--no meaningful response with environment
may take weeks to recover from coma
acute and post-acute rehab (months)
moderate TBI
loss of consciousness (few minutes-hours)
confusion for a few days/weeks
physical, cognitive, psychosocial deficits for weeks/months
good recovery with rehab
mild TBIs or concussions (prevalence)
85% of all cases
concussion (definition)
mild TBI
alteration or loss of consciousness for up to 30 minutes
associated loss of memory surrounding the event (post-traumatic amnesia) for up to 24 hours
transient neurologic deficits may also be present, including numbness, dizziness, cognitive deficits, coordination deficits (transient = lasts <24 hours)
the disturbance of brain function is typically associated with normal structural neuroimaging findings
post-traumatic amnesia (TBI)
associated loss of memory surrounding the event for up to 24 hours
post-concussion syndrome
can persist for a year or more
headache: 30-90%
dizziness: 50%
psychological (irritability, anxiety, depression): 50%
cognitive (executive function): 30-50%
insomnia: 50%
photophobia: 10%
anosmia: 5%
blurred/double vision: 15%
chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE)
multiple mild TBIs (concussions) may lead to CTE
begins insidiously, usually many years (5-20) after the person stopped playing sports
with inattention, mood and behavior disturbances, confusion, and memory loss
progresses over many years (5+) to a stage of full blown dementia
in CTE, the brain shows atrophy
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