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Chapter 21 - Immune system & Lymphatic system (Smartbook Questions)

Terms in this set (54)

Lymphatic System
maintains fluid balance, absorbs lipids, and protects the body against pathogens
Which body system maintains fluid balance, absorbs lipids, and protects the body against pathogens?
Lymphatic System
Lymph leaving the lymph nodes contains a large number of ______.
Lymphocytes
Which are features of lymphatic vessels?
-Valves are present
-A tunica interna is present
-Smooth muscle is present in the vessel wall
Which describes lymphatic capillaries?
close-ended vessels consisting of loosely overlapping endothelial cells
Where are lymphatic vessels found?
In most body tissues, except the CNS, cartilage, cornea, bone, and bone marrow
what are the 3 functions of the lymphatic system?
1. fluid recovery
2. immunity
3. lipid absorption
How many lymphatic trunks are normally found in the body?
11
The fluid contained in lymphatic vessels, which originates as tissue fluid, is called _____________.
Lymph
The largest type of lymphatic vessel, which deposits lymph into the subclavian veins, is called a collecting ___________ .
duct
Lymphatic vessels are anatomically very similar to which of the following?
Veins
True or false: Lymphatic capillaries are open-ended vessels consisting of loosely overlapping endothelial cells.
FALSE

reason:
Lymphatic capillaries are closed-ended vessels consisting of loosely overlapping endothelial cells.
Which tissues lack lymphatic vessels?
Bone marrow
Cartilage
Cornea
Which collecting duct receives the least amount of lymph?
Right lymphatic duct
What do lymphatic collecting vessels converge to form?
Lymphatic trunks

Explanation:
Lymphatic capillaries converge to form collecting vessels. Collecting vessels converge to form lymphatic trunks. Lymphatic trunks converge to form the largest lymphatic vessel, the collecting ducts.

Lymphatic Capillaries --> Collecting Vessels --> Lymphatic trunks --> Largest lymphatic vessels (collecting ducts)
Which duct drains the most lymph?
Thoracic duct
The two collecting ducts are the ______ ducts.
right and thoracic
Lymphatic vessels are absent from ______.
cartilage and bone
True or false: Lymph is propelled through the lymphatic system by the rhythmic contractions of the heart.
False

explanation --> There is no pump, like the heart, in the lymphatic system. Lymph is propelled via the rhythmic contractions of the vessels and the squeezing of the surrounding skeletal muscles and the thoracic "pump."
Natural killer cells attack ______.
bacteria
cancerous cells
virus infected host cells
transplanted tissues
Which class of lymphocyte matures in the thymus?
T-cells
A ________ cells produces antibodies
plasma
Which factors cause or contribute to the flow of lymph?
The respiratory pump
Valves
The skeletal muscle pump
The _____________ killer cell is a lymphatic cell that functions to non-specifically target bacteria, transplanted tissue cells, and virally infected or cancerous host cells.
natural
What are monocytes that migrate to the tissue and function as phagocytes called?
Macrophages

explanation --> T, B, NK cells are lymphocytes
Which cell produces antibodies?
plasma cells
The largest type of lymphatic vessel, which deposits lymph into the subclavian veins, is called a collecting _________ .
ducts
A cell that phagocytizes an antigen and displays fragments of it on its surface for recognition by other cells of the immune system is a(n) ______ cell.
antigen presenting
The cell that is found in the epidermis, mucous membranes, and lymphoid tissues that initiates immune responses by activating lymphocytes and secreting cytokines is the _________
dendritic cells
The branched___________ cells help form the connective tissue framework of the thymus.
reticular
Cells derived from monocytes that function as phagocytes and antigen-presenting cells are called ________
macrophages
What does MALT stand for?
mucosa associated lymphatic tissue
Which cells function as antigen presenting cells?
B cells, dendritic cells, macrophages
dendritic cells
Dendritic cells are antigen-presenting leukocytes found in the epidermis, mucous membranes, and lymphoid tissues which initiate immune responses by activating lymphocytes and secreting cytokines.
Which cells produce the stroma of lymphatic organs?
reticular cells
What are mucosal associated lymphatic tissues?
Aggregates of lymphatic tissue scattered throughout the lamina propria of mucous membranes
True or false: Both lymphatic tissues and lymphatic organs have distinct connective tissue capsules surrounding them.
false

explanation --> Unlike lymphatic tissues, lymphatic organs have a distinct connective tissue capsule that separates the tissue from neighboring tissues.
A cell that phagocytizes an antigen and displays fragments of it on its surface for recognition by other cells of the immune system is a(n) ______ cell.
antigen presenting
The spleen and lymph nodes are classified as ______ lymphatic organs.
Seconday
Hemopoiesis occurs in the _________ bone marrow
red
The organ that is the site of T-cell maturation is the ______.
thymus
Distinct connective tissue capsules surround which of the following?
lymphatic organs
Which primary lymphoid organ is the site of B cell maturation?
red bone marrow
Which bone marrow is mainly adipose tissue?
yellow
A small organ found along the course of a lymphatic vessel that filters the lymph and functions as an activation site for B and T cells is called a lymph _________
nodes
The thymus is considered part of which body systems?
Immune system
Endocrine system
Lymphatic system
Where in a lymph node do B-cells undergo proliferation, differentiation, and activation?
The germinal center is an area within the lymph node and spleen where B cell proliferation, differentiation and activation occurs.
A lymph node has ______ afferent vessels associated with it than efferent vessels.
more
What is the body's largest lymphatic organ?
spleen
Lymph enters a lymph node via ______ vessels and exits a lymph node via ______ vessels.
afferent; efferent
Bacteria and viruses are examples of pathogens.
true

along with fungi
A small organ found along the course of a lymphatic vessel that filters the lymph and functions as an activation site for B and T cells is called a lymph ______ .
node
Skin belongs to the body's ______ line of defense.
first
What is the tough protein of skin that few pathogens can penetrate?
keratin
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