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NUTR Chapter 13 HW

Terms in this set (74)

The iron-containing protein that transports oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood is
hemoglobin.
Which of the following are components of blood?
leukocytes
erythrocytes
platelets
Cell fragments that clump together to form a blood clot are called
thrombocytes.
Functions of red blood cells include
carbon dioxide transport from tissues to lungs.
oxygen transport from lungs to tissues.
Which of the following situations may cause anemia?
Significant blood loss
Decrease in red blood cell production
Decrease in hemoglobin production
Which of the following are transported by hemoglobin?
CO2
O2
White cells, red cells, platelets, and plasma are the four main components of
blood.
The multi-step process the human body employs to stop blood loss is called
hemostasis
Thrombocytes are necessary for
blood clotting.
In addition to the vitamin K from our diet, vitamin K is also obtained from
bacteria in our intestines.
Which of the following types of cells transports oxygen and carbon dioxide through the bloodstream?
erythrocytes
Infants are given an injection of Vitamin K at birth because
their intestines lack enough bacteria to produce Vitamin K.
Howard is a 33-year-old long-distance runner. Recently, he attempted to donate blood, but was told he could not donate because his hematocrit was too low. What is one possible explanation for his condition?
The trauma of running causes lysis of red blood cells and increased blood losses in feces and urine.
Identify the sources of vitamin K.
Green, leafy vegetables
Plant oils
Which B vitamin is important in DNA synthesis?
Folate
Hemostasis describes body processes that
stop blood loss.
Chronic use of antibiotics can affect blood health because
they destroy microorganisms in the large intestine that synthesize vitamin K.
A folate deficiency during pregnancy increases the risk for birth defects because folate
is needed for the proper development of the neural tube in the fetus.
Which vitamin is given as an injection to infants at birth due to the inability of the bacteria in the intestines to produce enough?
Vitamin K
Which of the following MyPlate food groups provides the most vitamin K?
Vegetables
A deficiency of ______ results in megaloblastic anemia because of its role in DNA synthesis.
folate
The highest folate content may be obtained from eating
fresh fruits and vegetables.
Neural tube defects may result from a deficiency of ______ during pregnancy.
folate
To meet the daily requirements for folate, a person might include which foods in his or her diet?
green leafy vegetables
enriched cereals
Due to its potency, a UL has been set for
folic acid only.
The stomach produces the intrinsic factor that is necessary in order to absorb which vitamin?
Vitamin B-12
Folate is a very fragile vitamin that is easily destroyed by heating or exposure to oxygen.
True
Vitamin B-12 is important for neurological health because it
is required for formation of myelin.
Which of the following MyPlate food groups has the highest nutrient density for folate?
Vegetables
The UL for folate refers only to folic acid because
the folate that occurs naturally in foods has limited absorption.
Mary is experiencing all the symptoms of a vitamin B-12 deficiency even though she is consuming a diet high in vitamin B-12. What might be the cause of her deficiency symptoms?
A lack of intrinsic factor in the stomach.
What substance produced by the digestive system is necessary in order to absorb Vitamin B-12?
Intrinsic factor
Vitamin B-12 is found naturally in foods of ______ origin.
animal
______ is required for formation of the myelin sheath that insulates nerve cells.
Vitamin B-12
Lack of intrinsic factor or stomach acid may lead to a deficiency of ______ despite adequate dietary intakes of this nutrient.
vitamin B-12
The primary function of iron is to
aid in oxygen transportation.
The richest source of vitamin B-12 would be
a tuna fish sandwich.
Which of the following minerals is the most common deficiency in the world?
iron
Ben is a 56-year-old man who takes acid-reducing medications to treat a stomach ulcer. At his yearly check-up, he reports unusual fatigue, cold hands and feet, and difficulty concentrating on tasks at work. He most like has a deficiency of
iron
How is iron absorbed?
As needed
What are secondary functions of iron within the human body?
Part of many enzymes
Brain function
Immune function
Select the dietary changes a person could make to increase iron absorption.
Consume nonheme sources of iron in combination with heme sources of iron.
Choose a rich source of vitamin C, such as a glass of orange juice, when taking an iron supplement.
Which of the following MyPlate food groups provides the richest sources of absorbable iron?
Protein
The nutrient most likely to be deficient in the diets of people worldwide is .
iron or Fe
Children are frequently victims of iron poisoning because
an iron supplement can look a lot like candy.
dietary supplements may be stored in areas that are accessible to children.
a single large dose of iron can be life threatening.
True or false: The signs and symptoms of iron deficiency anemia include pale skin, fatigue upon exertion, and poor temperature regulation.
True
The copper-containing protein that transports iron in the blood is called
ceruloplasmin.
Which vitamin aids in the absorption of iron?
Vitamin C
Select the functions of copper in the human body.
Part of enzymes
Metabolism of iron
Immune function
Consuming vitamin D with meals that contain iron is the best way to increase your absorption of iron.
False
Which of the following are good sources of iron?
kidney beans
pot roast
Excessive supplementation with the mineral _____ can impair copper absorption.
zinc, iron, or Zn
Which of the following population groups is most susceptible to iron toxicity from dietary supplements?
Young children
Select the best source of copper for absorption.
Dietary sources
Ceruloplasmin is a ______-containing protein in the blood that functions in the transport of iron.
copper
The mineral ______ is a component of ceruloplasmin, a blood protein that functions in iron metabolism.
copper
Which of the following are potential consequences of copper toxicity?
Gastrointestinal disturbances
Kidney damage
Liver damage
Choose the nutrients that are important in the formation of brain tissue.
iron
iodine
essential fatty acids
Which of the following groups of people are at increased risk for a copper deficiency?
People recovering from GI surgery
People taking high doses of zinc
The preferred source of fuel for the brain is
glucose
Why are foods a better source of copper than dietary supplements?
The copper oxide in most dietary supplements is poorly absorbed.
Choose the nutrients important in the function and formation of the myelin sheath.
vitamin B-12
iron
vitamin B-6
folate
Choose the biological factors that contribute to migraine headaches.
family history
age
hormonal changes
Copper toxicity is most likely to occur from
improper use of dietary supplements.
There is evidence that following a _____ may reduce depression and anxiety.
plant-based diet
Choose the fatty acids that are essential for normal brain growth.
alpha-linolenic acid
omega-3
linoleic acid
omega-6
True or false: If glucose is unavailable to fuel the brain (such as during times of fasting), the brain can use ketone bodies produced from fat metabolism for fuel.
True
A deficiency of vitamin B-12 could impair nerve function because of its role in
the formation of the myelin sheath.
Migraine headaches appear to be associated with foods that precipitate changes in blood flow and neurotransmitter release in the brain. Foods commonly cited as triggers include
red wine.
chocolate.
aged cheese.
cured meats.
Following a plant-based diet may ______ depression and anxiety.
reduce
Choose the best definition for neurodegenerative disease.
Gradual, progressive deterioration of neurons.
True or false: Dietary supplements are recommended for optimal brain health.
False
Choose the most common neurodegenerative diseases in the United States.
Parkinson's
Alzheimer's
Multiple Sclerosis
Why are dietary supplements NOT the ideal way to promote optimal brain health?
Lacks the synergistic effects of whole foods
Missing phytochemicals from whole foods
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