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Pancreas, Spleen, Stomach

Terms in this set (130)

Which organ is retroperitoneal?

The pancreas extends from the concavity of the ___________ to the hilum of the _________

duodenum, spleen

The pancreas is found in a

horizontal oblique line

The pancreas is approximately

12cm long and 2cm thick

Five parts of the pancreas

1. head
2. uncinate process
3. neck
4. body
5. tail

Right side of the pancreas

The head lies within the

curvature of the duodenum

uncinate process

part of the head

uncinate process: Small extension inferior and medial to the _________. It rests in the _______ and the left renal _______.

duodenum, IVC, vein

The superior mesenteric vessels are anterior to the

uncinate process

constricted portion to the left of the head

The splenic vein and the superior mesenteric veins join to form the

portal vein (just inferior to the neck)

largest part of the gland

The body extends to the left and superiorly across the

Exocrine function of pancreas

acini produce enzymes for digestion secreted via the pancreatic duct

Exocrine cells secrete pancreatic enzymes into the

pancreatic duct

Endocrine function of pancreas

islets of Langerhans cell produce insulin and glucagon and controls blood levels of nutrients

Endocrine cells secrete hormones directly into the

The pancreatic duct is also known as

Duct of Wirsung

The pancreatic duct extends the

entire length of the gland

The pancreatic duct joins the pancreas to the ________ to supply _________ provided from the ________ pancreas, which aids in _________

common bile duct, pancreatic juice, exocrine, digestion

The pancreatic duct joins the common bile duct just prior to the _________, after which both ducts enter the _______ side of the second portion of the ___________ at the major __________ papilla

ampulla of vader, medial,, duodenum, duodenal

Ampulla of Vader

where the main pancreatic duct and the common bile duct meet

Santorini's duct is a

secondary duct/ accessory duct

Santorini's duct enters the _______ at the minor ________ approximately _______ proximal to ___________

duodenum, papilla, 2cm, Vaters ampulla

Sphincter of Oddi

small muscle that surrounds the end portion of the common bile duct and pancreatic duct (Ampulla of Vader)

What relaxes during a meal to allow bile and pancreatic juice to flow into the intestine

Sphincter of Oddi

what controls the entering of bile or stops it

Sphincter of Oddi

When a person fasts, the Sphincter of Oddi is not contracting so it backs up into the

The Spleen is highly

The spleen is the largest mass of

lymphoid tissue

Which organ is intraperitoneal?

The Spleen is almost completely covered with _______ except for the small area at the _____

peritoneum, hilum

Structures at the splenic hilum are:

splenic artery, splenic vein, lymph vessels and nerves

The spleen varies considerably in

shape and size- depending on the distention stomach and colon

What does a normal size spleen typically measure

Accessory spleen in an additional spleen that measures around __ cm and can be attached anywhere on the splenic wall

the spleen is posterior to the _____ and is protected by the ribs

Visceral surface of the spleen is related to the left _____ and ____________________-

kidney, transverse colon

the hilum of the spleen is closely related to the

tail of the pancreas

faces medial and inside

Two main regions of tissues in the spleen

red pulp and white pulp

contains venous sinuses and splenic cords

red and white cells

mostly consists of immune cells (T and B)

What is the spleens main function

to filter the blood, create new blood cells and store platelets.

The spleen is a ket part of your body's

The splenic artery

supplies blood to the spleen

The splenic artery is the largest branch of the

the splenic artery divides into

multiple branches at the hilum

The splenic vein

provides the principal venous drainage of the spleen

The splenic vein runs behind the ________ before joining the superior mesenteric vein behind the neck of the pancreas to for the _______ vein

pancreas, portal

the stomach is located between the _______ and __________

esophagus, duodenum

the stomach extends from the left hypogastric region into the

epigastric and umbilical regions

stomach is more simply

The first part of digestion takes place in the

the stomach _________ food and mixes it with __________

pulverizes, gastric juice

Regions of the stomach

fundus, cardia, body, pylorus

dome shaped and is most superior

the area that receive the esophagus (gastroesophageal junction) and the area where the gastroesophageal and stomach meet

the main central region and the largest portion

the lower section of the stomach that facilitates emptying into the small intestine

wider part of the funnel towards the body

the narrow part of the funnel and opens through the pyloric orifice to the small intestine

contracts or relaxes to let stuff travel from stomach to duodenum

what is the shape of the stomach

the stomach has 2 openings

1. cardiac orifice (esophagus to stomach)
2. pyloric orifice ( stomach to duodenum)

the stomach has 2 curvatures

1. Lesser (concave)
2. Greater (convex)

Stomach wall layers from inside out are:

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis
Serosa

Folds of stomach mucosa and submucosa are called

gastroesophageal junction

The point where the distal esophagus joins the proximal stomach

gastroesophageal junction is a short anatomic area that is commonly exposed to the injurious effects of

stomach sphincters

cardiac and pyloric

what do stomach sphincters do

controls what is allowed through

cardiac sphincter

closes off the top end of the stomach

pyloric sphincter

closes off the bottom of the stomach

the lesser curvature is supplied by the _________________ inferiorly and the ________________________ superiorly, which also supplies the _______ region

right gastric artery, left gastric artery, cardiac

the greater curvature is supplied by the _____________________ inferiorly and the _____________________ superiorly

right gastroepiploic artery, left gastroepiploic artery

the funds is supplied by the _____________________, which arises from the _____________________

short gastric artery, splenic artery

most of the digestion of food and the absorption of nutrients takes place in the

small intestines

the long convoluted tube is ________ meters long

the small intestines are divided into the

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

what shape is the duodenum

Duodenum is broken in to how many regions

the first part of the duodenum is

the first part of the duodenum is _________, beginning at the ________ and extending to the ___________.

horizontal, pylorus, gallbladder

The first part of the duodenum courses along the upper margin of the

pancreatic head

the second part of the duodenum is

the second part turns sharply downward, it is to the ______ and ______ to the _________, posterior to the ________, anterior to the right lobe of the ____________ and the ________; posteriorly to the right _________

right, parallel, IVC, gallbladder, liver, transverse colon, kidney

the pancreatic and bile ducts enter at the

second part of the duodenum

the third part of the duodenum is

the third horizontal part makes a sharp turn, this time to the _________ and passes anteriorly to the ____________, ________, but posterior to the ______________________________

left, IVC, aorta, superior mesenteric vessels

the third part of the duodenum is

the fourth part ascends anterior and slightly to the left of the _________.

the fourth part ends in a

duodenojejunal flexure

True or False: the GI tracts is all one long tube

how long it the GI tract

tightly coiled tube that begins at the duodenojejunal flexure and continues until it imperceptible changes into the ileum

most of the jejunum us located in what region

the umbilical region

Ileum starts _____ and ends ______

starts in the epigastric region
ends in the right iliac region

The Ileum has no obvious structural changes that occur at the junction between the

jejunum and ileum

True or False: The tissues that form do change

Peyer's patches

accumulations of lymphoid tissue are found in the wall of the ileum

Most of the ileum lies in the

hypogastric region

the ileum terminates in the right iliac region by opening into the

large intestine are most responsible for

absorption of water from the indigestible residue of food

The large intestine extends from the

ileocecal valve to the anus

The large intestine is approximately

1.5 meters long

The large intestine consists of

the Cecum, Colon, Rectum, and Anal Canal

The large intestine forms an arch for the loops of

small intestine

Blind saclike pouch

cecum extends ______ cm below ileocecal valve

True or False: the appendix if the only one that has an end in the GI tract

The appendix is a blind tubular projection from the

The appendix is most commonly inferior and posterior to the

cecum but varies considerably

retroperitoneal and has no mesentery

the colon is divided in 4 parts

1. ascending colon
2. Transverse colon
3. descending colon
4. sigmoid colon

ascending colon

travels up the right side of the abdomen

Transverse colon

runs across the abdomen

descending colon

travels down the left abdomen

is a short curving of the colon just before the rectum

what does the colon remove

water, salt, and some nutrients forming stool

muscle lines the colon wall to

squeeze its contents along

extends to just below the tip of the coccyx

the rectum measures about ___ cm

The rectum turns ____ to become the _____

dorsally, anal canal

The rectum is partially covered with

peritoneum but has no mesentery

The anal canal is ______ cm long and represents the final portion of the _______

2.5 to 4 , intestinal tract

pushes the bowels through the system

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