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Brachial Plexus Blocks

Terms in this set (49)

Which five nerves form the brachial plexus in most individuals?
C5, C6, C7, C8 and T1. Sometimes there are contributions from C4 and T2.
What two nerves are derived from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus?
The posterior cord of the brachial plexus gives rise to the axillary and radial nerves.
What two nerves are derived from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus?
The lateral cord of the brachial plexus gives rise to the musculocutane- ous and median nerves.
What two nerves are derived from the medial cord of the brachial plexus?
AThe medial cord of the brachial plexus gives rise to the median and ulnar nerves.
The median nerve supplies sensory innervation to what areas of the hand?
To thumb, index finger, middle finger, and lateral ring finger.
How is the function of the median nerve assessed?
Median nerve function is assessed by checking for normal sensation on the palmar surface of the index finger.
The ulnar nerve passes distally through the axilla, medial to the distal artery and the brachial artery, until the middle of the arm. Before passing to the forearm, the ulnar nerve pierces the medial intermuscular septum and descends in the groove between what two structures?
At the middle of the arm, the ulnar nerve pierces the medial intermuscular septum and descends in the groove between the medial epicondyle of the humerus and the olecranon process of the ulna.
The median nerve innervates what muscles of the forearm?
Branches of the median nerve in the forearm innervate the following muscles: pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, and flexor digitorum superficialis.
Describe the landmarks and relative needle location in a median nerve block at the wrist. order to perform
In order to perform median nerve block at the wrist, a 22-gauge needle is directed just medial to the ulnar artery pulse, or, if the ulnar pulse is not palpable, just medial to the flexor carpi radialis. A total volume of 3 to 5 mL of anesthetic is injected to block the median nerve.
You wish to block the median nerve at the wrist: what two tendons are identified to guide needle placement?
The median nerve is blocked at the wrist at the level of the proximal flexion crease by a needle placed just radial (thumb side) to the palmaris longus tendon. If the palmaris longus tendon is absent, the needle is placed approximately cm to the ulnar side of the flexor carpi radialis tendon.
The ulnar nerve supplies sensory innervation to what areas of the hand?
To the little finger and the medial ring finger.
How is the function of the ulnar nerve assessed?
Ulnar nerve function is assessed by checking for normal sensation on the palmar surface of the fifth finger.
Describe the sensory innervation of the radial nerve in the upper extremity.
The radial nerve provides sensory innervation to the dorsum (back) of the hand, covering the width of the first 2 1/2 digits (thumb, first finger, lateral half of middle finger.) The unique sensory area served by the ra- dial nerve is the web space between the thumb and first finger.
Damage to what nerve causes an inability to aDduct the thumb?
Damage to the ulnar nerve results in inability to adduct the thumb.
Damage to what nerve causes an inability to aBduct the thumb?
The radial nerve.
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