AP Art History Exam Review

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The Parthenon and the White Temple at Uruk both included which of the following architectural features?
(A) A sacred cella that contained votive figures or cult statues
(B) A peripteral colonnade that housed an open-air market
(C) A polished marble exterior that reflected the sun's divine light
(D) A processional staircase that restricted access to the inner sanctum

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(A) A sacred cella that contained votive figures or cult statues

Which of the following characteristics of Jean-Antoine Houdon's sculpture of George Washington made it most appropriate for display in the rotunda of a government building?
(A) It pose, which mimics the dramatic stance of the Winged Victory of Samothrace
(B) Its uniform, which recalls the military attire of Augustus of Prima Porta
(C) Its use of Neoclassical imagery, which evokes the political ideals of ancient Rome
(D) It was use of Greek idealism, which conveys Washington's godlike stature as a leader

Elisabeth Louise Vigee Le Brun's Self-Portrait differs from earlier European portraiture traditions because Vigee Le Brun
(A) was among the first women to depict herself as an artist
(B) used her self-portrait to convey coded political ideas
(C) rejected the inclusion of religious references in her self portrait
(D) depicted herself standing instead of seated as would be traditional for women

(A) was among the first women to depict herself as an artist

Jaune Quick-to-See Smith made Trade (Gifts for Trading Land with White People) partly in reaction to which of the following events?
(A) The passage of the Water Rights Protection Act that preserved rives on Native Americans lands
(B) The expiration of the federal government's termination policy that broke up the reservation system
(C) The 500-year anniversary of Christopher Columbus's arrival in the Americans
(D) The emergence of the Red Power movement among Native Americans during the Civil Rights era

Image: Jaune Quick-to-See Smith made Trade (Gifts for Trading Land with White People) partly in reaction to which of the following events?
(A) The passage of the Water Rights Protection Act that preserved rives on Native Americans lands
(B) The expiration of the federal government's termination policy that broke up the reservation system
(C) The 500-year anniversary of Christopher Columbus's arrival in the Americans
(D) The emergence of the Red Power movement among Native Americans during the Civil Rights era

Quick-to-See Smith's inclusion of cheap trinkets is intended to
(A) emphasize that most popular American sports are variations of Native American tradition
(B) reference a history of exploitative economic transactions between Native Americans and Europeans
(C) expose the low wages of Native Americans workers who labor in factories to mass-produce such goods
(D) critique the art market's obsession with the skill and craftsmanship of American art

(B) reference a history of exploitative economic transactions between Native Americans and Europeans

Image: Quick-to-See Smith's inclusion of cheap trinkets is intended to
(A) emphasize that most popular American sports are variations of Native American tradition
(B) reference a history of exploitative economic transactions between Native Americans and Europeans
(C) expose the low wages of Native Americans workers who labor in factories to mass-produce such goods
(D) critique the art market's obsession with the skill and craftsmanship of American art

Quick-to-See Smith close to use collaged materials from commercial products and popular culture both to highlight contemporary racial stereotypes and to
(A) create patterns that imitated Native American beadwork
(B) raise ecological awareness through the reuse of materials
(C) challenge the gestural process of mid-twentieth-century American abstractions
(D) demonstrate the Native American artists were engaged in contemporary art practice

(D) demonstrate the Native American artists were engaged in contemporary art practice

Image: Quick-to-See Smith close to use collaged materials from commercial products and popular culture both to highlight contemporary racial stereotypes and to
(A) create patterns that imitated Native American beadwork
(B) raise ecological awareness through the reuse of materials
(C) challenge the gestural process of mid-twentieth-century American abstractions
(D) demonstrate the Native American artists were engaged in contemporary art practice

Which of the following is an aspect of the work shown that is characteristic of the Baroque style of Peter Paul Rubens?
(A) The use of hierarchal scale
(B) The use of a diagonal composition
(C) The use of a flattened pictorial plane
(D) The use of expressively distorted figures

(B) The use of a diagonal composition

Image: Which of the following is an aspect of the work shown that is characteristic of the Baroque style of Peter Paul Rubens?
(A) The use of hierarchal scale
(B) The use of a diagonal composition
(C) The use of a flattened pictorial plane
(D) The use of expressively distorted figures

In the work shown, Rueben included the mythological figures of Jupiter and Juno to
(A) comment satirically on the arrogance of the king and queen
(B) appeal to the civic pride of the Florentine public
(C) represent divine approval of the king and queen's marriage
(D) subvert the authority of the Roman Catholic Church

Image: In the work shown, Rueben included the mythological figures of Jupiter and Juno to
(A) comment satirically on the arrogance of the king and queen
(B) appeal to the civic pride of the Florentine public
(C) represent divine approval of the king and queen's marriage
(D) subvert the authority of the Roman Catholic Church

Diego Velazquez' Las Meninas, through influenced by Rubens' royal portraits, differs from them in which of the following ways?
(A) Velazquez depicted royalty as solemn and spiritual
(B) Velazquez created a dense allegorical narrative to portray royalty
(C) Velazquez provided a formal, idealized portrayal of the royal family
(D) Velazquez showed the royal family in candid aspects of daily life

(D) Velazquez showed the royal family in candid aspects of daily life

Image: Diego Velazquez' Las Meninas, through influenced by Rubens' royal portraits, differs from them in which of the following ways?
(A) Velazquez depicted royalty as solemn and spiritual
(B) Velazquez created a dense allegorical narrative to portray royalty
(C) Velazquez provided a formal, idealized portrayal of the royal family
(D) Velazquez showed the royal family in candid aspects of daily life

Marie de' Medici, commissioned this work, as well as the larger cycle it belongs to, in order to
(A) appease foreign governments during a time of war in France
(B) support her husband's rule and defend his unpopular decisions
(C) celebrate her virtues and advocate her political position
(D) justify France's involvement in European military conflicts of the time

(A) appease foreign governments during a time of war in France

Image: Marie de' Medici, commissioned this work, as well as the larger cycle it belongs to, in order to
(A) appease foreign governments during a time of war in France
(B) support her husband's rule and defend his unpopular decisions
(C) celebrate her virtues and advocate her political position
(D) justify France's involvement in European military conflicts of the time

The painter of the Niobides Krater used which of the following to create convincing figures in motion? (A) Precise contour lines (B) Vertical registers (C) Veristic portraiture (D) Chiaroscuro(A) Precise contour linesRembrant's use of etching in his Self-Portrait with Saskia allowed him to (A) model the composition from life (B) achieve a wide range of different tones (C) use a woodblock instead of a meatal plate (D) enlarge prints for publication(B) achieve a wide range of different tonesLike other Baroque era still-life paintings, Rachel Ruysch's Fruit and Insects is composed of (A) gestural brushstrokes that are used to create thick impasto (B) fine brushstrokes that create a smooth, detailed surface (C) strong black lines are used to outline important shapes (D) twisting forms that are painted with delicate pastel colors(B) fine brushstrokes that create a smooth, detailed surfaceNam June Paik uses multichannel video in Electronic Superhighway to display which of the following? (A) Daytime television dramas (B) Armature recordings of home videos (C) Images emblematic of different states (D) Live news broadcasts from around the globe(C) Images emblematic of different statesIn addition to outlining the contour of each state, the neon tubing in Paik's installation evokes (A) a sense of nostalgia for analog technology (B) neon signs associated with traveling on the interstate (C) once-thriving factories in the industrial Midwest (D) the sharp political divisions in the United States(B) neon signs associated with traveling on the interstateWith its references to mapping, Paik's work most closely resembles the pictorial strategies seen in the work of (A) Xu Bing (B) Emily Kame Kngwarreye (C) El Anatsui (D) Julie Mehretu(D) Julie MehretuPaik's artistic innovation in works such as Electronic Superhighway proved influential on which of the following artists? (A) Cindy Sherman (B) Jaune Quick-to-See Smith (C) Bill Viola (D) Doris Salcedo(C) Bill ViolaThe addition of the Pazzi Chapel to the Basilica di Santa Croce exemplifies which of the following? (A) A private family finical support for a monastic church through a building commission (B) The availably of land for new construction in dense urban zones (C) The need for additional spaces for congregational worship in crowded cities (D) A requirement that burials of private citizens occur outside of the church walls(A) A private family finical support for a monastic church through a building commissionThe interior view of the chapel provides evidence that Brunelleschi emphasized the geometric order of the design by (A) raising the floor of the side chapel above that of the central space (B) flooding the interior with light from windows in the dome (C) including low-relief sculpture in the circular roundels (D) outlining component forms with gray stone(D) outlining component forms with gray stoneScholars conclude from archaeological evidence that the ditch that surrounds the site of Stonehenge was created as (A) a later defensive measure to protect the site during a time of intense warfare (B) one of the first features of the site, which later underwent multiple additional building phases (C) part of a reconstruction effort, during which the site's function changed from religious to secular (D) part of a construction ramp that was used to move the heavy megaliths in the center into place(B) one of the first features of the site, which later underwent multiple additional building phasesThe anatomical features that signify both childhood and adulthood featured on the Fang reliquary figure were intended to convey the (A) animosity and conflict among family members (B) endless cycles of reincarnation (C) need to protect from childhood diseases (D) changes associated with the cycle of life(D) changes associated with the cycle of lifeThe Fang reliquary figure sat on top of a container that primarily held (A) the skins and teeth of animals associated with sacred deities (B) ritual objects made of gold or other precious metals (C) ancestral relics, most often in the form of bone fragments (D) ceremonial masks, which were used during the initiation of young men(C) ancestral relics, most often in the form of bone fragmentsBecause of the work's importance, which of the following actions was taken to preserve it? (A) It was rubbed periodically with palm oil (B) It was wrapped with feathers and shells in bark cloth (C) It was freshly painted once each year (D) It was buried with signified ancestral relics(A) It was rubbed periodically with palm oilThe work shown is (A) the Standard of Ur from the Royal Tombs at Ur (B) Akhenaten, Nefertiti, and three daughters (C) the last judgement of Hu-Nefer, from his tomb (D) the Tomb of the Triclinium(D) the Tomb of the TricliniumIn creating the figures, the artist used which of the following conventions of representation typical of the culture? (A) Contrapposto to show the figures in motion (B) Registers to divide multiple scenes of the narrative (C) Hierarchal scale to distinguished the ruler from the subjects (D) Color differentiation to convey gender(D) Color differentiation to convey genderThe depiction of dancers and musicians references the (A) public celebrations that followed military victories (B) elaborate feasting that accompanied funerals (C) lavish gift giving that showcased the wealth and power of the ruler (D) earthly pleasures that the deceased can no longer experience in the afterlife(B) elaborate feasting that accompanied funeralsIn terms of its content, the work is most similar to the (A) Anavysos Kouros (B) Sarcophagus of the Spouses (C) grave stele of Hegeso (D) Ludovisi Battle Sarcophagus(B) Sarcophagus of the SpousesThe work has been interpreted both as honoring a deceased individual and as (A) depicting an important scene from classical mythology (B) marketing the transition of power from the deceased to a new ruler (C) emphasizing the high social status of the deceased's family (D) encouraging youth to participate in a local mystery cult(C) emphasizing the high social status of the deceased's familyThe use of deep relief carving in the Pyxis of al-Mughira affects the composition in which of the following ways? (A) It highlights the large amount of negative space (B) It reduces the sense of depth behind the imagery (C) It emphasizes the volume of the figures, decorative motifs, and text (D) It minimizes contrast in tone, light, and shadow(C) It emphasizes the volume of the figures, decorative motifs, and textThe artist who created the female deity figure from Nukuoro achieved a smooth, glossy surface by (A) finishing the carved surface of the figure by polishing it with pumice rock (B) using a lost-wax casting technique to create a figure made from solid metal (C) fusing a mineral paste to the surface of the figure by firing at a higher surface (D) applying slip to the modeled figure and firing it using an oxygen-reduction technique(A) finishing the carved surface of the figure by polishing it with pumice rockWhat do the features on a Bundu mask embody? (A) Ideals of masculine virtue, prowess, and power (B) Ideals of feminine beauty, morality, and conduct (C) Fertility and the first ancestral couple (D) The sacred presence of deceased loved one(B) Ideals of feminine beauty, morality, and conductDavid's formal and thematic choices in The Oath of the Horatii demonstrate the principles of Neoclassicism, evident in the painting's (A) poetic associations and ambiguous narrative (B) small format as a cabinet picture intended as a conservation piece (C) compositional clarity and use of ancient texts to teach a moral lesson (D) appearance of quickly applied paint and loose brushwork(C) compositional clarity and use of ancient texts to teach a moral lessonThe patron of Jacques-Louis David's The Oath of the Horatii was (A) Cardinal Richelieu (B) King Louis XVI (C) Jean-Paul Marat (D) Napoleon Bonaparte(B) King Louis XVIAlthough the patron indented for the painting to promote loyalty to the state, the contemporary political climate viewers to interpret the work as (A) a condemnation of foreign powers who occupied (B) a revolutionary call to arms for those who opposed the monarchy (C) a criticism of the Catholic Church's religious orthodoxy (D) an allegory about France's moral obligation to colonize other countries(B) a revolutionary call to arms for those who opposed the monarchyThe work shown is the (A) Alhambra (B) Great Mosque at Cordoba (C) Great Mosque (Masjid-e Jameh) in Isfahan (D) Taj Mahal(D) Taj MahalThe carved floral imagery on the exterior of the structure has been linked to which of the following religious concepts? (A) The Four Noble Truths (B) The rebirth of the soul through reincarnation (C) The beauty and luxury of paradise (D) The five pillars of Islam(C) The beauty and luxury of paradiseThe function of the work is most similar to that of the (A) grave stele of Hegeso (B) palace and gardens at Versailles (C) Mosque of Selim II (D) Code of Hammurabi(A) grave stele of HegesoOne theory about the siting of the Taj Mahal at the center of the overall layout of the complex is that it was meant to (A) reinforce the administrative function of the structure (B) emphasize the structure as the throne of God (C) orient the faithful toward the direction of Mecca for prayer (D) emulate the mandala plan of the Great Stupa(B) emphasize the structure as the throne of GodThe stylistic innovations that are evident in the relief sculpture of Akhenaton, Nefertiti, and three daughters are a result of (A) the introduction of a new monotheistic religion under the Pharaoh Akhenaton (B) the introduction of Asian art to New Kingdom Egypt through the Silk Road (C) the rise of a wealthy Egyptian merchant class who created a demand for new types of luxury objects (D) the shift of the political system during the Amarna period from a kingdom to an oligarchy(A) the introduction of a new monotheistic religion under the Pharaoh AkhenatonIn The Swing (after Fragonard), Yinka Shonibare utilizes specific fabrics as a (A) commentary on women's rights in the twenty-first century (B) connection to eighteenth-century French aristocracy (C) reference to colonialism and culture hybridity (D) condemnation of explorative global textile production(C) reference to colonialism and culture hybridityOlowe of Ise included a bird atop the King's crown in his veranda post of enthroned king and senior wife (Opo Ogoga) in reference to the (A) presence of death and mourning (B) king's wealth and prosperity (C) protection of female ancestors (D) divine essence of the Sun(C) protection of female ancestorsThe temporal character of Christo and Jeanne-Claude's outdoor site-specific installations, such as The Gates, was intended primarily to elicit which of the following responses from viewers? (A) Appreciation for the ephemeral quality of their artworks (B) Religious reflection on the long process of artistic creation (C) Desire to extend the experience through the purchase of souvenirs (D) Inspire action against the rapid pace of environmental change(A) Appreciation for the ephemeral quality of their artworksIn its original placement the Templo Mayor, the Coyolxauhqui Stone was (A) mounted at the apex of the main temple pyramid at Tenochtitlan (B) erected on a pedestal next to the tzompantli, or skull rack (C) placed at the foot of the staircase of Huitzilopochtli's temple (D) buried within a royal tomb chamber(C) placed at the foot of the staircase of Huitzilopochtli's templeFor the inhabitants of the city, the image of Coyolxauhqui was intended to provide (A) a commemoration of the role of messengers in Maya culture (B) an homage to the Maya conquest of the Valley of Mexico (C) a reminder of the power and might of the Mexica (Aztec) state (D) a commentary on the Mexica (Aztec) war with the Spanish conquistadors(C) a reminder of the power and might of the Mexica (Aztec) stateThe content of the Coyolxauhqui Stone and the Calendar Stone both reference (A) humans transforming into totemic animals (B) great floods sent by angry deities (C) warriors who disobeyed the gods (D) concepts associated with the cosmic order(D) concepts associated with the cosmic orderThe funeral banner of Lady Dai and the David Vases are similar in that both (A) were created for display in Buddhist temple (B) use costly pigments imported from the Middle East (C) include stylized dragon motifs as symbols of power (D) were recovered from ancient royal tombs(C) include stylized dragon motifs as symbols of powerThe Great Stupa at Sanchi and Borobudur Temple are similar in that each (A) is entered by means of elaborate sculptured toranas (B) displays narrative scenes of Buddha's life on the main structure (C) represents a mandala, a cosmic diagram of the universe (D) includes lower square-shaped levels and upper circular levels(C) represents a mandala, a cosmic diagram of the universeThe way the human form is idealized in the grave stele of Hegeso is most characteristic of which of the following ancient Greek art periods? (A) Archaic as seen in the Pepids Kore from the Acropolis (B) Hellenistic as seen in the Winged Victory of Samothrace (C) Classical as seen in the Plaque of the Ergastines (D) archaic as seen in the Anavysos Kouros(C) Classical as seen in the Plaque of the ErgastinesWhich of the following features of the Great Mosque (Masjid-e Jameh) of Isfahan is typical of Persian architecture? (A) Iwans (B) Pediments (C) Multilobed arches (D) Stained glass(A) IwansGottfried Lindauer included traditional Maori tattoos and clothing in his portrait of Tamati Waka Nene to (A) produce a painting would appeal to a European buyer (B) highlight his respect for Tamati Waka Nene's authority (C) create a documentary record of Maori life at the time (D) endorse the rejection of Western culture by the Maori(A) produce a painting would appeal to a European buyerThe inclusion of radiating semicircular niches (exedrae) in the plan of San Vitale allowed its architect to (A) use natural light to illuminate the wall mosaics in the sanctuary (B) enlarge the size of the central dome by reducing its overall weight (C) create a clear distinction between the areas reserved for clergy and those reserved for lay people (D) integrate the central domed space with the surrounding ambulatory and gallery(D) integrate the central domed space with the surrounding ambulatory and galleryWhich of the following is a characteristic of Wifredo Lam's The Jungle that suggests that Lam was influenced b works such as Georges Braque's The Portuguese? (A) Figurative images that are broken into fragments (B) The depiction of a convincingly realistic jungle (C) References to Afro-Cuban traditions such as Santeria (D) Restriction of the palette to tones of gray and brown(A) Figurative images that are broken into fragmentsThe form of the Pantheon was influential on later architectural development in part because the (A) oculus provides an affordable and efficient way to fully illuminate the interior (B) high-domed rotunda could accommodate a large number of congregational worshippers (C) sacred geometry of circles within squares was believed to protect against earthquakes (D) raised platform made the building easy to see from great distance(B) high-domed rotunda could accommodate a large number of congregational worshippersThe image shown demonstrates that the building it refers to includes\(A) an atrium (B) an ambulatory (C) a pylon (D) a peristyle court(B) an ambulatoryWhich of the following statements about Fan Kuan's painting Travelers among Mountains and Streams reflects the approach to landscape that the work embodies? (A) It is more important to depict the essence of the landscape than to represent an actual place in detail (B) The artist should not work within a studio, and instead should paint directly from nature (C) Rather that attempting to represent nature accurately, artists should always use standardized forms (D) The way in which nature is represented should honor the ruling dynasty at the time a work is made(A) It is more important to depict the essence of the landscape than to represent an actual place in detailIn the Paleolithic cave painting shown from Lascaux, the artist likely used which of the following to color the large reddish area within the horse's body? (A) An early fresco technique, in which pigments were applied with a brush to a wet surface (B) A dotted-field technique, in which many dots were applied close together with a wax crayon (C) A spray-painting technique, in which diluted pigments were blown onto the rock surface (D) An early printing technique, in which clay slip was applied to the wall with terra cotta stamps(C) A spray-painting technique, in which diluted pigments were blown onto the rock surfaceThe work shown was created using which of the following techniques commonly used in Aztec art? (A) Lost-wax casting to create fine details (B) Carving with stone tools to create a deep relief on the top and sides (C) Heightening light and shadow effects by leaving the surfaces unpainted (D) Stamping with stone tools to create designs in clay(B) Carving with stone tools to create a deep relief on the top and sidesThe work shown can be attributed to the Safavid Dynasty because of its use of (A) a composition based on concentric circles (B) a mandala representing the cosmos (C) a centralized medallion motif (D) large areas of green and yellow(C) a centralized medallion motifThe work shown can be identified as belonging to the same artistic tradition as the basin known as the Baptistere de St. Louis because of which of the following visual characteristics? (A) The use of brass inlaid with silver to embellish the surface of the world (B) The silver gilt worked in filigree to depict a story from classical mythology (C) The inclusion of radiating designs organized around a central palmette (D) The calligraphic inscription carved into the surface in low relief(A) The use of brass inlaid with silver to embellish the surface of the worldSome scholars believe that Francisco de Goya did not publish his series Los Desastres de la Guerra (The Disasters of War) during his lifetime because he believed that the response would have been (A) disgust over his attempts to profit from the war through sales of his prints (B) cries for his demotion from French court painter to common printmaker (C) horror over the aggressive nationalistic sentiments he displayed in the work (D) persecution because he depicted atrocities committed by individuals on both sides of the conflict(D) persecution because he depicted atrocities committed by individuals on both sides of the conflictHistorians believe that the Inka All-T'oqapu tunic symbolized rulership because (A) the geometric patterns represent the ruler's ability to read the heavens (B) the materials and the skills used indicate the status of the ruler (C) in incorporated pieces of fabric from the tunics of former rulers (D) it depicts that dense network of cities and towns that were within the ruler's realm(B) the materials and the skills used indicate the status of the rulerThe decorated semicircular field above the doorway in the image shown is known as a (A) buttress (B) pendentive (C) pilaster (D) tympanum(D) tympanumThe interior of the building shown can be attributed to which of the following architectural styles? (A) Byzantine (B) Romanesque (C) Gothic (D) Renaissance(C) GothicThe progression of distinct spaces along the axial plan of the temple of Amun-Pe at Karnak reflects the (A) increasing restriction of access as one moved toward the inner sanctum (B) separation of spaces according to their mortuary, religious and secular functions (C) beliefs about the different stages a soul must pass through to reach the afterlife (D) stages of enlightenment that a worshipper would experience during prayer(A) increasing restriction of access as one moved toward the inner sanctumThe use of the steel-frame construction method in his Carson, Pirie, Scott and Company Building enabled Louis Sullivan to (A) include load-bearing metal elements as features of the ground-floor façade (B) incorporate cantilevered balconies that dramatically extend into the surrounding space (C) reduce the number of load-bearing walls and significantly increase the size of the windows (D) create a streamlined design for the facade of the building without additional ornamentation(B) incorporate cantilevered balconies that dramatically extend into the surrounding spaceScholars have interpreted the lines extending from the arms and torso of the running horned women from Tassili n' Ajjer as (A) stylized depictions of agricultural crops (B) implements used for hunting (C) armor and weapons used for warfare (D) parts of a ceremonial dress(D) parts of a ceremonial dressThe complex of Nan Madol in Micronesia is most similar in its original function to the (A) temple of Amun-Re (B) Athenian agora (C) Taj Mahal (D) Forbidden City(D) Forbidden CityFra Filippo Lippi's Madonna and Child with Two Angels exemplifies stylistic aspects linked to the Italian Renaissance through its (A) incorporation of a landscape modeled on ancient frescoes (B) emphasis on strong shadows and the frontality of the subjects (C) emphasis on angular forms and hierarchical composition (D) naturalistic rendering of the holy subjects(D) naturalistic rendering of the holy subjectsThe painting shown can be attributed to the workshop of Robert Campin because of which of the following characteristics? (A) The use of classicizing architectural elements to decorate the interior (B) The use of atmospheric perspective to create a sense of spatial illusionism (C) The presentation of holy figures within a contemporary interior (D) The use of registers to divide different scenes within the composition(C) The presentation of holy figures within a contemporary interiorThe work shown can be attributed to which of the following artists? (A) Claes Oldenburg (B) Helen Frankenthaler (C) Willem de Kooning (D) Andy Warhol(D) Andy WarholThe surface designs on the prehistoric beaker with ibex motifs from Susa reflect the artist's interest in the natural world through which of the following characteristics? (A) Their similarity to pictographs describing cycles of seasonal change (B) The naturalistic rendering of overlapping bulls running in herds (C) The stylistic depiction of various animals composed of geometric elements (D) Their resembles to abstract symbols that represent constellations(C) The stylistic depiction of various animals composed of geometric elementsIn The Valley of Mexico from the Hillside of Santa Isabel, Jose Maria Velasco's panoramic composition includes tiny human figures dwarfed by the landscape's monumental scale, conveying an approach toward nature that reflects the influence of European (A) Expressionism (B) Impressionism (C) Neoclassicism (D) Romanticism(D) RomanticismIn The Oxbow (View from Mount Holyoke Northampton, Massachusetts, after a Thunderstorm,) Thomas Cole contracts a stormy mountain wilderness on the left with sunny cultivated farmland on the right, capturing his possible views regarding the (A) westward expansion of American settlement (B) eruption of the Civil War and the issue of state rights (C) aesthetic legitimacy of the Academie des Beaux-Arts (D) social plight of the rural poor in New England(A) westward expansion of American settlementAt Frank Lloyd Wright's Fallingwater, the construction materials stone and glass were chosen for their (A) adaptability to humid climates that experience abundant rainfall (B) avaliability from nearby industrial factories at an economical cost (C) reliability in withstanding the force of water from a nearby river (D) ability to harmonize with the surrounding natural environment(D) ability to harmonize with the surrounding natural environmentAlthough Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres's La Grande Odalisque contains many Neoclassical elements it also breaks classical conventions by (A) making subjective use of color (B) including orientalizing accessories (C) depicting a famous historical figure (D) employing loose brushwork(B) including orientalizing accessoriesConstantin Brancusi recommended that The Kiss be displayed without a base because a pedestal would have (A) presented a safety hazard in that the sculpture might topple (B) detracted from the essential nature of the limestone (C) required a larger block of the same quarried marble (D) limited the number of interested collectors(B) detracted from the essential nature of the limestoneThe development of the Athenian agora as a public space differed substantially from the Forum of Trajan in that the agora (A) evolved gradually over centuries in response to political change (B) incorporated buildings dedicated to secular and religious functions (C) served as the primary residential sector for the city's aristocracy (D) used axial planning to highlight a series of military monuments(A) evolved gradually over centuries in response to political changeThe style and iconographic details of the eighteenth-century work shown suggest that its content is most likely (A) a decorative interpretation of love that references Byzantine art (B) an exhortation to viewers to adhere to virtuous expectations (C) a comment on the hypocrisy of those who marry without love (D) a representation of love in the context of aristocratic culture(D) a representation of love in the context of aristocratic cultureTapa cloth is traditionally made by women in Polynesia because (A) women work together on the cloth during times of mourning (B) women make the cloth as part of female initiation ceremonies (C) women's art produced for use during childbirth to ensure successful delivery (D) women's arts are associated with soft and ephemeral materials(D) women's arts are associated with soft and ephemeral materialsThe facade of Borromini's San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane exemplifies Baroque architecture because it includes which of the following characteristic elements? (A) Jamb statues that represent religious figures (B) Curving elements that create a dynamic design (C) Columns that appear on two separate levels (D) Sculptural decorations that are symmetrically organized(B) Curving elements that create a dynamic design