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Chapter 26: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

Terms in this set (10)

The two main fluid compartments within the body are ____ and ____.

a. plasma; interstitial fluid
b. adipose; skeletal muscle
c. intracellular fluid; extracellular fluid
d. blood; cytoplasm
c. intracellular fluid; extracellular fluid
The most abundant cation of the ECF is _____ and the most abundant anion in the ECF is _____.

a. K+; HPO4^2-
b. Mg^2+; HCO^3-
c. Ca^2+; SO4^2-
d. Na+; Cl-
d. Na+; Cl-
Which of the following accounts for the most water loss, second only to urine output?

a. Insensible perspiration
b. Sweating
c. Defecation
d. Tears
a. Insensible perspiration
An increase in the ECF solute content causes:

a. water to move into of the cell
b. solute to move out of the cell
c. water to move out of the cell
d. both a and b
c. water to move out of the cell
Which is the most potent stimulus for thirst?

a. dry mouth
b. an increase in plasma osmolarity
c. an increase in blood volume
d. the sight of a cold drink
b. an increase in plasma osmolarity
When ADH levels are low, the kidneys produce _____ urine.

a. dilute
b. concentrated
c. a low volume of
d. isotonic
a. dilute
Which of the following statements best summarizes the relationship between the sodium content of fluids and water movement?

a. water follows salt
b. salt follows water
c. water equals salt
d. water solubilizes salt
a. water follow salt
You would expect blood levels of ANP to increase when ______.

a. blood pressure is increased
b. there is an increase in preload
c. the walls of the atria are stretched
d. all of the above are correct
d. all of the above are correct
Which of the following is the initial H+ regulatory mechanism in the body?

a. renal excretion
b. chemical buffers
c. brain stem respiratory centers
d. lactic acid production
b. chemical buffers
If the blood pH lowers, what change would you expect from the respiratory system?

a. the respiration rate would increase
b. the respiration rate would decrease
c. the respiration rate would remain unchanged
d. the respiration rate would be erratic
a. the respiration rate would increase
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