chemistry

Define salt
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Terms in this set (23)
Define salt
it is a substance formed when a hydrogen ion in acid is partly or wholly replaced by a positive ion
Types of acids
1.Monobasic acids: have 1 replaceable hydrogen ion eg, HCL
2.Dibasic acids: have 2 replaceable hydrogen ions eg, H2SO4
3.Tribasic acids: have 3 replaceable hydrogen ions eg, H3PO4
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Types of salts
1: Normal salts, have no replaceable hydrogen ions eg, NaCl
2: Acid salts, have replaceable hydrogen ions eg, sodium hydrogen carbonate NaHCo3
3: Basic salts, salts that contain hydroxyl (OH-) ions eg, basic magnesium chloride Mg(OH)Cl, basic zinc chloride Zn(OH)Cl
4: Double salts, salts that contain different types of cations or anions

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solubility of nitrates in water
all nitrates are soluble in water
solubility of sulphates in water
all sulphates dissolve in water except lead sulphate and barium sulphate.
calciumsulphate is slightly soluble in water
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solubility of chlorides in water
all chlorides are soluble in water except lead 2 chloride and silver chloride.
lead 2 chloride is soluble in hot water.
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solubility of carbonates in water
all carbonates are insoluble in water except of group 1 metals and ammonium carbonates
the state of the soluble salts
aqueous state
what carbonates do not exist?
aluminium and iron carbonates
what does knowledge of solubility of bases help in?
they help in preparation of some salts
oxides & hydroxides please - potassium - soluble stop- sodium - soluble calling- calcium - slightly soluble mary- magnesium - slightly soluble zamzam- zinc- insoluble and- aluminium - insoluble caroline- copper - insoluble ā€‹solubility of bases in waterDescribe how you will separate the mixture of calcium nitrate and lead carbonate saltsAdd water to the mixture and stir. Calcium nitrate dissolves while lead carbonate doesn't. Filter the mixture to obtain lead carbonate as the residue and lead carbonate as the filtrate. Heat the filtrate until crystals begin to form then allow thesolutiontocool slowly. Let the residue dry within a filter paper. ā€‹using copper, describe how you can prepare copper sulphate.since copper does not react with acids, burn it in air to obtain copper oxide. Add excess copper oxide to sulphuric 6 acid . Filter the excess copper oxide. Heat the solution until crystals begin to form and allow it to coolDefine a saturated solutiona solution that cannot dissolve any more solute at a given temperatureDefine neutralisation reactionit is a reaction between a base and an acid which results in the formation of salt and water as the only productPrecipitationit is the reaction between two solutions which contain ions that react to form an insoluble saltcrystallisationit is the process of obtaining crystals from a saturated solutioncrystalsare solid particles formed in the process of crystallisationwater of crystallisationfixed amount of water found within the crystals of a saltmethod of preparing soluble salts1: Direct Synthesis 2: Action of acid on bases 3: Action of acids on metals 4: Action of acids on carbonatesmethod of preparing insoluble saltprecipitationionic equationits an equation obtained by writing only those ions that undergo change during a chemical reactionspectator ionsions that do not participate in a chemical reaction