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Ch 13 Review

Terms in this set (76)

Boiling occurs when the vapor pressure from a liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure.
True
The process of boiling is a cooling process.
True
If two samples of helium and xenon containing the same number of moles are released through an opening at the same time, the helium will travel a longer distance than the xenon.
True
If a gas and a liquid are both at the same temperature, the particles of gas have a higher average kinetic energy.
False
What is the SI unit of pressure?
Pascal
Temperature is defined as the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter.
True
Which is the state change that occurs when a solid becomes a gas without becoming a liquid first?
sublimation
London dispersion forces are the primary intermolecular forces between molecules that are
nonpolar
Which of the above substances evaporates most easily?
Benzene
What state of matter will the above substance be in at a temperature of 28oC and a pressure of 0.7 atm?
solid
Which of the following changes requires an input of thermal energy?
Evaporation
Particles with a kinetic energy lower than the threshold energy cannot escape the surface of the liquid.
True
A liquid at room temperature with high vapor pressure has:
Strong intermolecular forces
Both gases and liquids can be classified as fluids because of their ability to flow.
True
When the absolute temperature of gas molecules is increased 4 times, the average kinetic energy:
Quadruples
The attraction of molecules at the surface of a liquid to one another is called surface tension.
True
How does a gas expand?
Its temperature rises.
A substance can have many boiling points, but only one Normal boiling point.
True
At which of the following elevations relative to sea level will the boiling point of water be the greatest?
-123 m
Above 33 K, no amount of pressure will liquefy hydrogen gas. At this temperature, 1290 kPa are required to liquefy hydrogen. Which is the term used to refer to this combination of pressure and temperature?
critical point
An elastic collision is one where two colliding particles both lose some of their kinetic energy.
False
In metallic solids, a force of attraction exists between positively charged ions and negatively charged ions.
True
Average kinetic energy is directly related to temperature on the Kelvin scale.
True
Molecular solids are good conductors of heat and electricity because the molecules are held together by ionic bonds.
False
If the temperature of the substance shown above is held constant at 130°C while the pressure is changed from 1.4 atm to 0.8 atm, which is the change in state that will occur?
vaporization
An increase in temperature leads to decreases in vapor pressure.
False
In the Kelvin temperature scale, 0.00 indicates
absolute zero
Which is an amorphous material?
candle wax
Because of dipole-dipole forces, the melting points of highly polar compounds are _____ those of less polar compounds.
higher than
The passage of gas particles through a small opening is called
effusion
When water is in a thin column, the center of the surface is lower than the edges.
True
The attraction of particles for each other within a liquid is
cohesion
In the figure above, water is a _____ at point D and a _____ at point G.
solid, gas
Which substance has the lowest density?
H2O(g)
A solid with a low melting point is most likely _______ in nature.
covalent
Forces that act between two molecules are referred to as intermolecular forces.
True
Which is the point at which the substance shown above will boil at normal atmospheric pressure?
110°C, 1.00 atm
Of the forces listed, which is strongest?
covalent
The attraction of the positive end of one molecule for the negative end of a neighboring molecule is a(n)
dipole-dipole force.
Which is defined as the combination of pressure and temperature at which all three states of matter can coexist at equilibrium?
triple point
Nonpolar particles are held together by weak dispersion forces.
False
Other liquids without hydrogen bonding have larger amounts of surface tension than water.
True
The strength of the forces between ions depends on
both the size of the ion and its charge.
The surface tension of water decreases when a detergent is added to it.
True
Point A in the figure above represents the _____ point of water.
triple
Water's surface tension creates a curved surface in a thin column of water called a _____.
Meniscus
As a liquid evaporates, the temperature of the remaining liquid ________.
Decreases
A hydrogen bond is a special form of a(n)
dipole-dipole force.
The low vapor pressure of water decreases the rate of evaporation from bodies of water.
False
Hydrogen bonds are stronger than
dipole-dipole bonds
A pressure of 700. kPa is equal to _____ mm Hg.
5250 mm Hg
All of the oxygen is removed from a sample of normal air in a glass bottle. The pressure inside the bottle
is reduced by about 20%
If the particles in a sample of matter have an orderly arrangement and move only vibrationally in place, the sample is a
solid
The kinetic molecular theory describes the behavior of matter in terms of particles in motion.
True
Which is the triple point of the above substance?
36° C, 2.1 atm
Gases tend to have lower densities than solids because gases have lower molar masses.
False
Which is NOT a value equal to 1 atm of pressure?
1 psi
Which of the substances shown in the above figure has the highest boiling point?
Aniline
At what temperature will the above substance melt if the pressure is held constant at 1.2 atm?
130°C
When the molecules of gases are heated, the average kinetic energy of the molecules increases.
True
A sample of four mixed gases is at 760 mmHg. The partial pressures of gases A and B are shown. If gases C and D have equal partial pressures, what is the partial pressure of gas C?
165.7 mmHg
Which of the following has a melting point greater than room temperature?
iron
There is NO evaporation if a liquid is boiling.
False
A hydrogen bond forms between molecules that contain hydrogen bonded to
a highly electronegative atom.
The process by which a solid becomes a liquid is
melting
The ____________________ pressure is the pressure produced when molecules are released from the liquid state and enter the gaseous state above the surface of the liquid.
Vapor
What type of crystalline solid is a diamond?
covalent network solids
What holds the individual particles of a liquid (example: water) together?
intermolecular attractive forces
Which of the following is not an intramolecular force?
hydrogen bond
In the above figure, point B represents the _____ of water, and point C represents the ____ of water.
normal freezing point, normal boiling point
Hydrogen molecules have less mass than oxygen molecules. What can be said about the speed of hydrogen molecules vs. oxygen molecules at the same temperature?
hydrogen molecules are faster than oxygen molecules
A substance does not change in temperature while it is undergoing a change in state.
True
The average atmospheric pressure in Denver is 0.830 atm. What is this pressure in kPa?
84.1 kPa
Which change in state requires that energy be added to the substance?
vaporizing
When the temperature is kept constant, evaporation stops.
False
What state of matter will this substance be in at a temperature of 28oC and a pressure of 0.7 atm?
solid
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