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Environmental science 12a final exam

Terms in this set (30)

What are some ways that the oceans moderate climate?
The oceans absorb solar energy.
The oceans absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
The oceans store carbon as deep ocean sediments.
What could reduce the biodiversity of a population?
overhunting of animals
a change in climate
inbreeding between individuals
What describes the conditions needed for natural selection to occur?
Variation in traits exists between organisms.
More offspring are produced than can survive.
Organisms compete for resources.
What explains the change in the Biston betularia moth's population color during the Industrial Revolution?
increased pollution, resulting in a change in the color of trees
What factors would naturally change an ecosystem?
seasons
volcano
flood
fire
What is an example of a feedback mechanism that affects fish populations in their natural ecosystem?
When cod populations are small, herring control cod numbers by negative feedback.
When cod populations are large, cod control herring numbers by negative feedback.
Which point on the graph indicates where resources first become limiting?
not c or d
What explains why Species B declines when grown together with Species A?
It is outcompeted by Species A.
Which correctly compares the relationships?
Both examples are types of symbiosis. However, in the case of the sea anemone, both partners benefit, while only one organism benefits in the case of the caterpillar.
Which are abiotic factors of both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems?
oxygen
sunlight
What are the consequences of the introduction of zebra mussels to the Great Lakes ecosystem?
(.67/1)
decreased ecosystem biodiversity
increased algal growth
(both correct one more answer needed for 100%)
What describes the movement of matter and energy through an ecosystem?
energy flows; matter cycles
What percent of the Sun's energy that enters the ecosystem is expected to be available to the penguin?
Energy travels through three trophic levels to reach the penguin; on average 0.1% of the energy makes it to that level.
Which describes the effect of the brown tree snake on Guam's food web?
Over time, it has destroyed all species that compete for the same food.
Over time, the snake has changed its feeding behavior.
Identify which parts of the carbon cycle are correct and why.
A: ocean uptake because the ocean takes up carbon and stores it
B: vehicle emissions because burning fossil fuels adds significant carbon dioxide to the atmosphere
What is the role of the ocean in the carbon cycle?
absorbing CO2 from the atmosphere at the surface of the ocean
depositing carbon in deep ocean sediments
releasing carbon as CO2 into the atmosphere
Which correctly diagrams the flow of nitrogen through the soil during the nitrogen cycle?
https://assets.learnosity.com/organisations/625/asset/media/1238099
Which policies describe the sustainable use of a fish population?
fishing seasons
catch and release
size limits
What is true about a trophic level in an ecosystem?
The ecosystem is an open system.
The amount of energy flowing into the secondary consumers is less than the amount that flows into the primary consumers.
What is true about ATV (all terrain vehicle) use in national forests?
increases access to remote areas
reduces ability for rehabilitation on trails
What organisms play a similar role to earthworms in a forest?
(.67/1)
dung beetle
termites
(both correct one more answer needed for 100%)
What would happen if the frog was removed from the food web?
(.67/1)
The population of grasshoppers would increase.
The population of grasshoppers would increase.
(both correct one more answer needed for 100%)
Match each ecologist with their contribution.
Marjory Stoneman Douglas: proponent
Rachel Carson: early
Frank Egler: critic
Robert Shelford: influential
What are ways that biodiversity loss can be reduced?
(.67/1)
captive breeding
controlling invasive species
(both correct one more answer needed for 100%)
A mountain forms, splitting a species of lizard into two groups. Over time, the lizard species evolves into two separate species.
not coevelution or genetic drift
Studies show that invasive plant species can increase the cycling of nitrogen in an ecosystem by producing an increased amount and higher quality of leaf litter.
Positive feedback. When an invasive species produces more leaf litter than a native species, that extra litter also puts more nitrogen into the cycle than would be present without the invasive species. This extra nitrogen increases the ability of the invasive species to take in nitrogen, causing a positive feedback loop.
What are important biotic factors in aquatic environments?
consumers
producers
What effect does removing too much groundwater have on the water cycle?
It decreases the water level of lakes.
Which describes an ecosystem and why?
open system; matter and energy move through the system
Scientists have discovered a curious type of sea slug that lives on the bottom of the ocean. Like other slugs, it eats algae, but unlike other slugs, it steals their chloroplasts and uses them to perform photosynthesis.
consumer
producer
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