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naming ionic compounds, covalent compounds, and acids // chem study set

Terms in this set (50)

Ionic bonds are formed between
metals and nonmetals
Covalent bonds are formed between
nonmetals
Oxyacids
Are acids that contain hydrogen, oxygen, and a third element usually a nonmetal.
Binary Acids
Acids that contain hydrogen and one other element
1
mono
2
di
3
tri
4
tetra
5
penta
6
hexa
7
hepta
8
octo
9
nona
10
deca
what is the exception regarding the "mono" prefix?
the first element never uses the prefix "mono."
what is the vowel exception in naming binary molecular compounds?
drop the final letter in the prefix when the element name begins with a vowel (like monoxide vs monooxide)
mnemonic device for naming acids ending in ide:
my rIDE has HYDROlICs
mnemonic device for naming acids ending in ite:
sprITE is deliciOUS
mnemonic device for naming acids ending in ate:
i ATE something ICky
What type of bond is a Binary Molecular Compound?
covalent
What ending do you use when naming the second element in the formula in a covalent compound?
-ide
How are prefixes used in naming Binary Molecular Compounds?
they are used to indicate the number of atoms of each type that are present in the compound.
Covalent Bond
The chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons
Ionic Bond
Electrostatic force that holds together oppositely charged ions
What type of structure do Ionic Bonds form?
Crystal Lattice
Formula Unit
The simplest ratio of the ions represented in an ionic compound
Monatomic Ion
a one-atom ion
Oxidation Number
the charge of a monatomic ion
What must the charge of an ionic bond equal?
Zero
Nomenclature
naming system for compounds
Oxyanion
a polyatomic ion composed of an element, usually a nonmetal, bonded to one or more oxygen atoms
Polyatomic Ion
Ions made up of more than one atom
Naming oxyanions: atom with MORE oxygen atoms is name using the root of the nonmetal + the suffix:
-ate
Naming oxyanions: atom with LESS oxygen atoms is name using the root of the nonmetal + the suffix:
-ite
What is named first in an ionic compound?
Cation
When metals have more than one charge, what do you use to specify the name?
Roman Numerals in parentheses
Electron Sea Model
Proposes that all metal atoms in a metallic solid contribute their valence electrons to form a "sea" of electrons
Delocalized electrons
Free-moving electrons in the outer energy level
Metallic Bonds
The attraction of a metallic cation for delocalized electrons
Alloy
A mixture of elements that has metallic properties
Molecule
formed when two or more atoms bond covalently
Sigma Bonds
Single covalent bonds, electron pair is shared in an area centered between the two atoms
Pi Bonds
formed when parallel orbitals overlap to share electrons
How does bond length correlate with bond strength?
The shorter the bond, the stronger it is.
Bond Dissociation Energy
the amount of energy required to break a specific covalent bond
Endothermic Reactions
occurs when a greater amount of energy is required to break the existing bonds in the reactants than is released when the new bonds form in the products
Exothermic Reactions
occurs when more energy is released forming new bonds than is required to break bonds in the initial reactants.
pseudo-noble gas configuration
relatively stable electron arrangements
In a crystal lattice structure of an ionic compound how are ions positioned?
Ions are surrounded by ions of the opposite charge
Lewis Dot Structure
diagram of a molecule using dots to represent valence electrons, helps us understand bonding behavior
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