Life - Interdependence; Matter and Energy

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The process of cellular respiration
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Terms in this set (47)
The process of cellular respiration
breaks down food molecules to release stored energy.
Most organisms break down sugar to produce usable energy through the process of
cellular respiration.
Burning of fossil fuels has changed the atmosphere by
increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide.
CO2 is returned to the atmosphere by all methods EXCEPT
photosynthesis.
Which of these would have the most immediate effect on the ability of a plant cell to carry out photosynthesis?
reduction of light intensity
The diagram shown above, illustrates the _______ cycle.
carbon
Plant cells make their own food by taking in
carbon dioxide and water.
In order for matter to recycle and return in the food chain shown here, what must be present at level A?
Decomposers
According to the law of conservation of matter, matter is never created or destroyed. Yet in an energy pyramid the amount of biomass decreases as we move up through the pyramid, from producers to top level consumers. Why?
Matter changes to other forms that might not continue to be a part of the same food chain.
According to the law of conservation of matter, in any food chain we know that
matter is changed into various forms but the total quantity remains unchanged.
Unlike animals, plants use energy right from the Sun. What do plants make using the energy from the Sun?foodHeterotrophs take in mass in the form of food. Food is either used to build molecules within the body or as fuel for cellular respiration. If used for cellular respiration, this mass will eventually be converted into carbon dioxide, __________, and ____________.water, energy (ATP)Yum! Strawberries are sweet to eat! The sugar in the strawberries are produced by this plant through photosynthesis. Examine the model to select the compounds that are rearranged to make the sugars.carbon dioxide and waterSunlight, carbon dioxide, and water are required for photosynthesis. Examine the graph. What is the best explanation for the relationship between light intensity and the rate of photosynthesis.As light intensity increases, the rate of photosynthesis increases until photosynthesis reaches its maximum rate.Which organisms feed on the remains of dead plants and animals?decomposersThe graph shows the changes in population of black bears in rural Michigan during a single year. Competition for food among the black bear population was most likely the greatest during thelate spring.A population of mice occupies a tree stump in a forest. During the last decade, there has been little change in the number of mice in the population. Which of the following would likely cause the number of mice to decrease quickly?an increase in predationGuide to food chain (top to bottom): osprey, pike, perch, smelt, freshwater shrimp. Which population would show the quickest increase if perch were eliminated from the food chain ?smeltIn any food web, which organism has the LEAST available energy?animals or carnivoresWhat will MOST LIKELY happen if a new producer is introduced into a food web?The herbivores will increase.Which is a logical predator-prey relationship?lion-gazelleThe graph MOST LIKELY represents which type of relationship between the two fish species?competitionWhat role do predators play in maintaining the balance of an ecosystem?They ensure that the ecosystem is not stripped entirely of its vegetation.In general, when will organisms compete for space, food, and other resources?When there are many organisms in the environment.In the area around a pond, insects feed on grass and then frogs eat the insects. In the energy pyramid of this pond habitat, frogs areconsumersIn an ecosystem, a fungus, such as the mushroom pictured here, functions as adecomposerIn an ecosystem, plants are autotrophs. The term autotroph means that plants are capable of changing sunlight into sugar. In other words, plants areproducersIn all food webs, what is the ultimate source of energy?sunlightCutting down forests changes the populations of more than trees. Imagine the organisms that lived in this forest. After the trees have been cut, fewer animals can survive here. What are MOST LIKELY the limiting factors in this case?food and shelterA farmer had an accident and spilled a chemical into his pond. Several days later, he notices many dead frogs around the pond. That summer, the number of gnats around the pond was higher than ever. This is becausethe frogs are a limiting factor for the gnats.In a forest, shorter trees do not survive as well as trees that reach the top of the canopy. Why is this the case?there is competition for sunlightAll living things within an ecosystem are interdependent. A change in the size of one population affects all other organisms within the ecosystem. One well known predator/prey relationship is between ladybugs (predator) and aphids (prey). What happens to the population of ladybugs if there is an increase in aphids?The ladybug population will increase.The shrew would be considered ____ for the snake and hawk.preyThere are several different types of symbiotic relationships. In this case, a tick attaches to an animal and feeds on its blood. Ticks need blood at every stage of their life cycle. Ticks can also spread disease to the animals when they penetrate the animal's skin while sucking its blood. What type of symbiotic relationship is this? Explain.Parasitism. The tick derives benefit while the dog is harmed.The remora has a front dorsal fin that acts like a suction cup. It uses this fin to attach to whales, sharks, or rays and eat the scraps their hosts leave behind. What type of relationship is this? Defend your choice.It is an example of commensalism because the remora benefits from the food scraps while the shark, in this case, is neither helped or harmed.The clownfish, or anemone fish, performs an dance with the anemone before taking up residence: it touches the anemone's tentacles with different parts of its body until it is acclimated to their host. A layer of mucus on the clownfish's skin makes it immune to the fish-eating anemone's lethal sting. In exchange for safety from predators and food scraps, the clownfish drives off intruders and cleans its host, removing parasites that might attack. What type of relationship exists between the clownfish and the anemone?It is a mutualistic relationship because both benefit; neither is harmed.According to the food web shown, if the Large Piscivorous Fish were to decrease drastically how would this affect the tertiary consumers?The osprey population size would decrease because the piscivorous fish is the only source of food for the osprey in the food web shown.ProducerGrass Trees AlgaeConsumerHumans Cows BirdsDecomposerEarthworms Fungi MushroomsCellular RespirationOxygen is reactant. Carried out in animals. Carbon dioxide is a product.PhotosynthesisOxygen is a product. Carbon dioxide is a reactant.cellular respiration & photosynthesisCarried out in plants. Chemical Reaction Produces usable energy source.CommensalismBirds that live among cattle to eat insects stirred up by grazing.MutualismA clownfish living in the tentacles of an anemone provides nutrients to the anemone, and the clownfish is protected from predators. Bees gathering nectar and then spreading pollen from a flower. An Egyptian plover eating bugs off of a giraffe or rhino.ParasitismA tick living on a dog drinking its blood. A tapeworm living in the digestive system of a horse.PredationA bobcat catching and eating a rabbit. A bear catching and eating a salmon from a river.