Bio-100: Chromosome & Cell Division--Meiosis

Meiosis starts with a single _____ cell and ends with multiple _____ cells
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Meiosis starts with a single _____ cell and ends with multiple _____ cells
Diploid; Haploid
What is the main purpose of meiosis?
To produce four genetically unique daughter cells-all unique from each other and its parents--To increase genetic variation
Meiosis consist of one round of ______ _____ & two rounds of ______ _______
Chromosome replication; nuclear division
The end result of meiosis I are ______ haploid cells and the end result of meiosis II are _____ genetically different haploid cells
2; 4
What occurs during Prophase I?
The homologous chromosome pairs pair up and crossover to form a tetrad (homologous recombination occurs)
What occurs during Metaphase I?
Tetrads line up at the equator of the cell and attach to spindle fibers (Homologous pairs of chromosomes stay attached to each other)
What occurs during Anaphase I?
Chromosome pairs are pulled apart by meitoic spindle fibers which is then ready to pull one chromosome to one pole of the cell and the other to the opposite pole
What occurs during Telophase I & Cytokinesis I?
1. Each pole of the cell has a full set of chromosomes gathered together
2. Membrane reforms around each set of chromosomes to create two new nuclei
3. Single-cell pinches off in the middle by cleavage furrow to form two new separate daughter cells
Which phase/stage in meiosis is most similar to mitosis?
Meiosis II
What is the difference between Prophase I vs Prophase II?
Prophase I conducts the process of recombination/crossing over increasing genetic variation, whereas Prophase II is the same as in Mitosis
What is the study of the creation of sperm?SpermatogenesisMeiosis results in ____ new sperm cells each timeFourThe development of sperm cells in males start to occur during....PubertyThe development of egg cells in females begins at ______ which is the 1st round of meiosis and ends at _____ which is the 2nd round of meiosisGestation; FertilizationMeiosis results in ____ new mature egg cell(s) each timeOneT/F Females will continue to create egg cells throughout their early adulthoodFalse; all eggs were already developed while famale was in uteroWhat are non-viable egg cells called?Polar BodiesHaploid cells carry a full OR half set of genetic informationHALFT/F Each zygote has a unique genetic identityTrueWhat phase does crossing over or synapsis occur in?Prophase IThe two possibilities of genetic diversity during meiosis are through ______ & ______Prophase I (Crossing Over) & Metaphase in both Meiosis I & IIWhat phase(s) does independent assortment occur in?Metaphase I & Metaphase IIHow does Nondisjunction occur?Occurs when homologous chromosomes do not separate correctly during meiosisWhat phase/stages do nondisjunctions occur in?Meiosis I during prophase & Meiosis I and II during metaphaseWhat is an Euploid?An individual with their appropiate number of chromosomes for their speciesWhat is an Aneuploid?An individual with an error in chromosome numbersWhat is a Monosomy?Loss of one chromosomeWhat is a trisomy?Gain of an extraneous chromosomeWhat genetic condictions arise with a trisomy fetus?The trisomy of the ___ chromosome is less severe than many other trisomies due to __ inactivationX; XA nondisjunction occuring during Meiosis I is more/less severe than one occuring in Meiosis II?Meiosis I is More SevereWhat is a polyploidy?An individual with more than the correct number of chromosome setsHow do duplications or deletions work?Duplicated chromosome segments may fuse to existing chromosomes or may be free in the nucleusWhat are the three main catagories of life cycles in multicellular organisms?Diploid Dominant, Haploid Dominant, & Alternation of GenerationWhat does Diploid Dominant mean & which animals live by this cyle?Where multicellular diploid stages are the most obvious life stage (most animals including humans)What does Haploid Dominant mean & which animals live by this cyle?Where multicellular haploid stages are the most obvious life stage (all fungi & some algae)What does Alternation of Generation mean & which animals live by this cyle?Where two stages are apparent is different degrees depending on the group (plants & some algae)Why is genetic variation important?For allowing a population to adapt in the long-term