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Peer presentations Biomedical

Terms in this set (40)

Which 3D printer can print with the highest resolution?
laser printer
Two main methods exist for production of 3D engineered cardiac tissue, one in which 2D cardiomyocytes are broken apart and encapsulated together, and one in which 3D hiPSCs are converted directly to cardiomyocytes. Which method better recapitulates native human heart tissue and why?
3D hiPSCs to cardiomyocytes because important cell-to-cell junctions are not broken
Why is it important to incorporate a vasculature system into macrotissues?
To aid in the diffusion of waste, food, signaling molecules, and oxygen and to recapitulate native human tissues
What are three professions that are involved in neural engineering?
engineers, neuroscientists, biologists, chemists, therapist and physicians
What is the difference between open-loop and closed-loop DBS?
For open-loop DBS the stimulation is constantly delivered manually by a neurologist and for closed-loop DBS the stimulation is delivered based on the physiological brain condition by sensing biomarkers that reflect brain condition.
What is one of the issues with closed-loop DBS?
Option 1: Currently, they can only sense one biomarker and if DBS is to treat multiple diseases or needs to sense more than one biomarker to treat a disease it will not stimulate the brain effectively.

Option 2: Newer technology so there is a lack of knowledge on how the technology works.
What are the two main parts of a biosensor?
The bio-receptor and the physio-chemical transducer
What are some of the advantages to using direct-ink-writing in developing biosensors?
Fewer production steps, less waste material, rapid prototyping
What are some of the issues with currently used drug-detection methods?
Invasive, expensive, long laboratory testing, lack of real-time results
What are two reasons why red blood cells and platelets must be separated from white blood cells and diluted prior to analysis for a Lab-on-a-Chip based platform?
The relatively high concentration of red blood cells leads to noisy signals which could drown out signals/measurements of white blood cell populations, and high platelet counts could coagulate in chip microchannels.
Why could lysing be problematic for white blood cell counting on a Lab-on-a-chip based platform?
Debris from dead red blood cells could cause clogging in the measurement channels and render the chip useless.
Why would platelets have lower resolution/more noisy signals using electrical impedance spectroscopy?
Platelets are significantly smaller than red and white blood cells. Therefore if the same aperture is used for all cell measurements, platelets will create a significantly smaller impedance signal
What are the challenges faced for combinatorial drug screening on cancer biopsies by microfluidics platform?
· PDMS may lead to compound responses with specific reagents which can lead to inconvenience in examination of cell culture and medication screening.

· It is a challenge to collect cell samples from chip as it needs to be disassembled, which easily causes contamination of cell culture environment.

· Samples can also be damaged in the collection process. This disadvantage hinders some experimental operations, such as immunohistochemistry.

· Difficulties in further advancement of microfluidic chip due to limited number of cells.
How microfluidics platform is better than conventional drug screening methods?
· Screening drugs on patient biopsies from solid tumors has immense potential, but it is challenging due to the small amount of available material and each sort of malignancy needs a novel treatment routine.

· Microfluidic chip is a methodology which can control liquids for a tiny scope, consequently controlling cell culture significant boundaries to all the more likely recreate the microenvironment of tumor tissues.

· Combinatorial targeted therapy has been shown to be a powerful tool to overcome drug resistance mechanisms.

· Besides, the low volume and the significant degree of mechanization permit such screens to be performed cost-proficiently and quick enough to change remedial medicines in a clinical setting within 48 h after tumor resection or biopsy.
What are innovative strategies and design for drug screening on cancer biopsies?
· Cancer models on microfluidic chips- Maligancy models can be set up on microfluidic chips and they can gave significant roles in screening of anticancer medications, the recognition and disclosure of biomarkers. Huge scope creation of dependable microfluidic tumor organoid chip models can accomplish fast and high-throughput drug screening and ongoing powerful checking of sickness signals in a visual and quantitative manner.

· Use of droplet microfluidics as it requires less cell numbers--A innovation in this field is droplet microfluidics. It requires less cell numbers as compared to current method. So it empowers specialists to work with exceptionally restricted material, like essential cells, patient's biopsies or costly reagents.

· Use of nanodrugs to target cancer cells- Little size NPs can latently gather in tumors as per EPR impact and can likewise effectively bound to target cells by surface objective ligand change. Microfluidic gadgets are presently fit for setting up an assortment of NPs, including lipid-based nanobiomaterials, polymeric nanoparticles, lipid-polymer mixture nanoparticles and designed exosomes.
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