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Pharmacology

Terms in this set (70)

How do you evaluate a patient for a therapeutic response from the medication?
The nurse will compare the client's current temperature prior to administering the medication, with the client's temperature after the expected time-frame for a therapeutic response.
Planning
The step of the nursing process where the nurse will establish patient goals and expected outcomes. Use words such as describe, demonstrate, list, identify, discuss, and state
Name a concern when a young female adult is taking a Category D medication?
Increased risk of birth defects
Name the six rights of medication adminstration
1) Right Drug
2) Right Time
3) Right Dose
4) Right Patient
5) Right Route
6) Right Documentation
Information provided by the patient or family.
Subjective Data
The step of the nursing process that involves following the plan of care and giving the medication accurately.
Implementation
The step of the nursing process that involves looking at what happens when the care plan is put into action. Obtaining the patient's goal of drug therapy.
Evaluation
Measurable data obtained during the physical exam. This data also comes from documents (i.e. lab results, ECG, x-rays)
Objective Data
The step of the nursing process where the nurse will establish patient goals and expected outcomes. Use words such as describe, demonstrate, list, identify, discuss and state.
Planning
Veracity
It's ethical principle is to tell the truth
Who can a nurse share test result information with?
the patient and PCP.
describe, demonstrate, list, identify, discuss, state
When identifying measurable outcomes related to the client's learning needs, the nurse should include terms like...
assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation.
Name the five steps of the nursing process
the right drug
the right time
the right dose
the right patient
the right route
the right documentation.
Name the six rights of medication administration.
Which ethnicity requires a prescribed lower dosage of an antidepressant?
Hispanic and Asian
If a patient tells you they are allergic to penicillin, what should you do next?
Ask the patient to describe the reaction
A teaching plan for a patient who is started on a new medications should include
the reason the med is prescribed, possible side effects, and time frame for expected outcomes.
STAT order
One time order to be given immediately.
Standing Order
Indicates that the drug must be administered until discontinued or for a certain number of doses (i.e. Metoprolol 50mg by mouth daily)
Your older patient takes multiple medications, what action should the nurse anticipate taking?
obtain an order to evaluate the patient's renal function
To ensure safe dosage of medication for a 1 year old, what must first be obtained by the nurse?
patient's weight in kilograms
Children may be exposed to drugs in which three ways.
transplacentally, direct administration, and through breast milk.
FDA Category X
FDA pregnancy risk category where adequate, well-controlled studies in animals or pregnant women have demonstrated positive evidence of fetal abnormalities. The use of the product is contraindicated in women who are or may become pregnant.
Teratogenic
Likely to produce malformations or damage in the embryo or fetus.
Pharmaceutics
The study of how various drug forms influence the way in which the drug affects the body.
Pharmacokinetics
The study of the movement of a drug within the body?
The ADME Process: List them
Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion
Describe Genetic predisposition
Genetic predisposition describes the likelihood of developing a certain disease based upon the genetic make-up of a person. Making healthy lifestyle choices decreases your risk of genetic predisposition to the disease
Pharmacodynamics
Which pharmacologic principle involves drug-receptor relationships and describes what the drug does to the body?
The nurse's priority action if a medication is administered early by error would be
assess the client's physiologic status and safety. Are there any immediate adverse effects
Should you discard medications in the trash if a patient refuses them?
No. The nurse should open medications one at a time at the client's bedside after the client agrees to take the medication. If a client refuses the medication, and it is unopened, following the facility's policy, the medication can either be replaced into the medication dispenser machine or returned to the pharmacy.
What form of medication is designed to prevent irritation of the stomach and stomach lining?
Enteric-coated medications
Which document needs to be signed in order to be enrolled into a drug trial?
Informed Consent
Which document provides an authoritative statement on how nurses should practice to prevent negligence?
The ANA standards for nursing practice
These standards can prevent the nurse from being liable for negligence when caring for clients
How much recommended daily dose of acetaminophen can a patient safely take in a day
4000mg
Should a patient drink grapefruit juice when taking immunosuppressant drugs
No
Your patient is taking an OTC drug that has been recalled, what should you tell your patient?
Stop taking the medication until you have discussed with your health care provider
Liver toxicity is associated with what?
excessive doses of Acetaminophen
Your patient is taking St. John's wort, what is the possible drug interaction?
Serotonin syndrome. Also, may interact with antidepressants, antihistamines, digoxin, immunosuppressants, theophyline and warfarin.
Order: Administer Tylenol as needed for headaches.
What action should you take first?
contact the provider.
The prescription is missing the route and the dosage of acetaminophen.
Elixir, Tablet, Buccal tablet or Powder which form of medication will provide the fastest relief?
Buccal tablets
Oral/Buccal tablets, elixir, Powders, Capsules, Enteric-coated tablets
List the order from fastest to slowest of absorption.
The dietary restriction for a patient prescribed MAOIs?
foods rich in tyramine such as aged cheese, smoked meats and wine.
-Convert mL to tsp
-liters to ounces
-Convert mcg to mg
-5 mL = 1 tsp
-1,000 mL = 1 L
-30 mL = 1 oz
Name a concern when a young female adult is taking a Category D medication?
-increased risk of birth defects.
All-female clients who are of child-bearing age will be evaluated for the risk of pregnancy because category D medications are associated with an increased risk of birth defects.
Subjective Data (Definition)
Spoken information from patient

•Examples: complaints, problems, stated needs, "dizziness, headache, vomiting for 10 days"
Objective Data (Definition)
Measurements, laboratory data, diagnostic results, examination findings

•Examples: age, weight, height, health history, allergies, med profile
•Medication profile
Planning (Definition and examples)
•Prioritize human needs
•Outcome criteria
•Concrete descriptions of patient goals
•Objective, measurable, and realistic with an established time period for achievement
•Use words: describe, demonstrate, list, identify, discuss, state
Example of two patient identifiers
name, date of birth, medical record number (MRN)
Name something you should confirm prior to administering medication?
Confirm patient allergies
Define Absorption
movement of drug from site of administration into bloodstream for distribution in tissues
Distribution
Transport of a drug by the bloodstream to its site of action
Inducing agent (enzyme inducer)
a medication that increases the rate of drug metabolism by two to three-fold
Excretion
Elimination of drugs from the body
Half-life (define)
time required for half (50%) of a given drug to be removed from the body
Peak
- time required for the drug to reach maximum therapeutic response
Peak Level
highest blood level of drug
Trough Level
lowest blood level of drug
Autonomy
ability to act on one's own
Beneficence
doing or actively promoting good
Confidentiality
duty to respect privileged information of patient
Justice
being fair and equal in one's actions
Nonmaleficence
duty to do no harm
Veracity
duty to tell the truth
Psychomotor domain
learning of a new procedure or skill; often called the doing domain
Patient Education: Assessment
*Current level of knowledge about current medications and medical conditions
Patient Education: What to use when Planning Goals and outcome criteria
BOLDED - ( Use measurable terms: list, identify, demonstrate, self-administer, state, describe, discuss)

•Be realistic
•Based on patient needs
•Stated in patient terms
•Time frame

Example: Patient demonstrates proper use of inhaler medication prior to discharge from hospital.
"High-Alert" medications =
higher potential to cause harm
Near Miss (define)
Event or situation that did not produce patient injury, but only because of chance
Close Call (define)
An event or situation or error that took place but was identified and captured prior to reaching the patient
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