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Final Exam Review (Pt. 2)

Terms in this set (49)

In prokaryotic cells, the electron transport system occurs in the mitochondria. T/F?
False
A cell's ability to control their level of gene expression is called?
Gene regulation
An explanation for a biological process that is substantiated by a large body of evidence is called a?
Theory
Points of control in eukaryotic gene expression include?
RNA processing, translation, transcription, and post-translation
When insulin is secreted from the pancreas and acts on muscle cells to increase glucose uptake, this is an example of?
Endocrine signaling
The Calvin cycle is only capable of fixing carbon dioxide in the dark. T/F?
False
The organisms that most specifically utilize light energy to make organic molecules from inorganic molecules are __________.
photoautotrophs
When NADP+ __________.
accepts electrons in the light reaction, it is reduced to form NADPH
When placed in an aqueous solution, amphipathic molecules will orient themselves with?
hydrophobic hydrocarbon chains in the middle, and hydrophilic head groups facing the water
All organic molecules contain?
Hydrogen and carbon
When a single-gene mutation can have phenotypic effects at multiple stages of development, it is?
Pleiotropic
Which of the following base pairs would be targeted and repaired by a mismatch repair system?
A-G
Both eukaryotes and prokaryotes require a promoter region for gene transcription. T/F?
True
Barr bodies are a diagnostic feature of X inactivation. T/F?
True
Where does the Calvin cycle occur?
Chloroplast stroma
What is a dominant allele?
In a heterozygous individual, the allele that determines the phenotype
Which is FALSE when comparing RNA and DNA?
Both are composed of the same types of nucleotides
Hemophilia is a sex-linked recessive condition that results in deficient blood clotting. The disease causes excessive bleeding which occurs spontaneously or upon slight injury. In dogs (as in humans) hemophilia is caused by a defect in a gene on the X chromosome. What will be the results of mating between a normal, non-carrier female dog and a male dog with hemophilia?
All of the offspring will be normal, but all females will be carriers.
The best way to describe cellular membranes is?
semifluid with lipid rafts
Transcription begins near a site in the DNA called the?
Promoter
The primary function of an enzyme or any biological catalyst is to?
Reduce the energy of activation and increase the rate of a reaction
Okazaki fragments are sequences of DNA most often found on the lagging strand of DNA during DNA replication. T/F?
True
Osmosis describes the movement of water from an area of high to low solute concentration. T/F?
False
The equation, C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O (ATP + heat), describes what process?
Cell respiration
If you wanted to install lights to grow plants indoors, the type of light would you want to use is __________.
visibile light, because it has low energy wavelengths
More than one codon can specify the same amino acid. T/F?
True
Intervening sequences that are transcribed, but not translated into protein are called?
Introns
Roots contain starch-heavy plastids known as?
Statoliths
Which of the following statements about the cell cycle is correct?
When the S phase of the cell cycle is finished, a cell has twice as much DNA as it did during the G1 phase
Humans have __________ different pairs of autosomes.
22
Table salt forms from sodium and chloride via hydrogen bonding. T/F?
False
A major difference in gene regulation between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that?
Eukaryotic genes are arranged individually, while prokaryotic genes are grouped into operons.
A comparison of mitochondria and chloroplast shows that __________.
Both generate ATP via a H+ electrochemical gradient
Which is NOT a critical factor for DNA replication of the leading strand?
DNA ligase
You are given two nucleic acids; one RNA and the other DNA. What are the main features to determine which is the DNA?
DNA will have thymine instead of uracil in its nitrogenous bases

DNA will have a double-stranded structure

DNA will have ribose as the sugar in its backbone.

DNA will have uracil instead of thymine in its nitrogenous bases.
The structural difference between saturated and unsaturated fats causes what type of change at room temperature?
Linear structure of a fatty acid causes solid formation at room temperature
Which of the following is an example of a mutation?
During replication, an A-T base pair in a gene is changed to a G-C base pair
Plant behavior is defined as response to stimuli. T/F?
True
The function of a cell is related to the amount of surface area it has. Is this statement true or false and why?
True. A cell with the same mass can increase surface area with structures like microvilli that enhance absorption functions.
A strand of DNA is composed of nucleotide bases, sulfate groups, and sugars. T/F?
False
Which factors are utilized by the cell to recognize the stop codon and disassemble the translation machinery?
Release factors
The equation, 6CO2 + 6H2O →C6H12O6 + 6O2, describes which process?
Photosynthesis
The organelle responsible for the biosynthesis of proteins that are destined for secretion by the cell is the?
Endoplasmic reticulum
Which membrane component is most important for allowing large, charged molecules to pass through the membrane?
Transmembrane proteins
Why would a diet containing unsaturated fats that form triglycerides be better for an athlete when considering energy levels and health?
Saturated fats are packed closer together, making their breakdown for energy release less efficient and forming unnecessary fat deposits
How many net ATP and NADH molecules are produced from one molecule of glucose during glycolysis?
2 ATP, 2 NADH
Loosely packed chromatin is said to be in an open conformation. T/F?
True
If a DNA template strand has a sequence of 3′ TACAATGTAGCC 5′, the RNA produced from it will be which sequence?
5′AUGUUACAUCGG3'
A cell secretes a growth factor that binds to receptors on its own membrane preventing it from proliferating. This is an example of?
Autocrine signaling
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