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Chapter 17 Study Questions

Terms in this set (56)

Ebony, age 88, appears younger than her 77-year-old sister, Desiree. However, Desiree remains active mentally, whereas Ebony finds it difficult to complete familiar tasks. The sisters' actual competence and performance in dealing with life's challenges indicate their __________ age.
A) social
B) biological
C) functional
D) chronological
C) functional
The __________, along with women's reduced risk taking and physical aggression, are believed to be responsible for the female advantage in average life expectancy.
A) gender difference in alcohol consumption
B) protective value of the extra X chromosome
C) protective value of the extra Y chromosome
D) gender difference in preventive health care
B) protective value of the extra X chromosome
As __________, length of life increases.
A) education decreases
B) income decreases
C) education and income increase
D) incidence of diseases increases
C) education and income increase
David, a European-American male born in 1950, is likely to live 2 to 3 years __________ born the same year.
A) less than Samuel, an African-American male
B) less than Shondra, an African-American female
C) longer than Betsy, a European-American female
D) longer than Isaac, an African-American male
D) longer than Isaac, an African-American male
After age 80, a life expectancy crossover occurs, in that __________.
A) men outnumber women by a ratio of about 3 to 1
B) surviving European Americans live longer than African Americans
C) surviving African Americans live longer than members of the white majority
D) men's advantage in life expectancy shrinks to around 1 year
C) surviving African Americans live longer than members of the white majority
Wanda, age 77, has difficulty shopping, paying her bills, and preparing food. Wanda needs help with __________.
A) instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs)
B) primary activities of active functioning
C) activities of daily living (ADLs)
D) secondary activities of active functioning
A) instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs)
__________ affect(s) 25 percent of people in their seventies and 50 percent of those in their eighties.
A) Blindness
B) Cataracts
C) Retina detachments
D) Macular degeneration
B) Cataracts
Of all hearing difficulties, the __________ has the greatest impact on life satisfaction.
A) inability to hear at high frequencies
B) inability to detect soft sounds
C) age-related decline in speech perception
D) responsiveness to startling noises
C) age-related decline in speech perception
__________ is/are evident in up to 80 percent of adults after age 80.
A) Macular degeneration
B) Foggy vision and cloudy lenses
C) Reduced sensitivity to taste
D) Hypersensitivity to touch
C) Reduced sensitivity to taste
Researchers believe that odor perception __________ with age.
A) increases
B) wanes and becomes distorted
C) becomes more discriminating
D) does not change
B) wanes and becomes distorted
As the years pass, the heart muscle __________.
A) becomes more rigid
B) pumps with more force
C) becomes more resistant to plaque
D) becomes more responsive to pacemaker cells
A) becomes more rigid
Francesca's immune system has begun to turn against normal body tissues, which is referred to as __________.
A) selective optimization
B) primary aging
C) an autoimmune response
D) compression of morbidity
C) an autoimmune response
When Grace reached her 70s, she began having difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, and sleeping deeply. During the day, Grace worried about having sleep trouble. One thing Grace could do to foster restful sleep is __________.
A) take frequent short naps during the day
B) use the bedroom only for sleep
C) take sleeping pills on a regular basis
D) cut back on exercise
B) use the bedroom only for sleep
__________ with age.
A) The nose and ears broaden
B) Oil glands become more active
C) The ability to adapt to hot temperatures increases
D) The ability to adapt to cold temperatures increases
A) The nose and ears broaden
__________ especially decline in height because of a loss of __________.
A) Men; lean body mass
B) Women; bone mineral content
C) Men; muscle and fat
D) Women; muscle and fat
B) Women; bone mineral content
Walt, age 75, says that he feels about 60 years old. Sixty is Walt's __________ age.
A) skeletal
B) functional
C) subjective
D) desired
C) subjective
Mrs. Nguyen agrees with the following statement: "As I get older, things are better than I thought they'd be." Mrs. Nguyen's self-perception __________.
A) is an example of a stereotype threat
B) may help her live a longer life
C) suggests that she is in denial
D) is consistent with the prevailing Western stereotype
B) may help her live a longer life
Ila, who is Inuit, recently became head of her extended family unit. Her status as "one who knows things" is known as __________.
A) gulabjamen
B) quinceañera
C) isumataq
D) kanreki
C) isumataq
Low-SES older adults are __________ likely than higher-SES older adults to benefit from medical care because __________.
A) less; they are more likely to rely on holistic medicine
B) less; they are less optimistic that treatment will work
C) more; their medical care is paid for by the government
D) more they are more trusting of the medical profession in general
B) less; they are less optimistic that treatment will work
Several large-scale studies indicate that over the past several decades, __________ has occurred in industrialized nations.
A) a decrease in life expectancy
B) a decrease in maximum lifespan
C) compression of morbidity
D) expansion of morbidity
C) compression of morbidity
Which statement is true about sexuality in late adulthood?
A) A majority of older adults attribute little to no importance to sex.
B) Most married older adults report continued, regular sexual enjoyment.
C) Older adults report that the female partner is usually the one who ceases to interact sexually.
D) Nearly 75 percent of U.S. adults age 75 to 85 say they are no longer sexually active.
B) Most married older adults report continued, regular sexual enjoyment.
Lesbian and gay older adults who are married or in committed relationships __________.
A) are more sexually active than those who are single
B) are less sexually active than those who are single
C) tend to focus on sexual acts that lead to climax
D) often drift into a state of sexual disinterest
A) are more sexually active than those who are single
More prevalent among women than men, __________ is the leading cause of dementia.
A) cancer
B) cardiovascular disease
C) Alzheimer's disease
D) stroke
C) Alzheimer's disease
A blood vessel hemorrhaged in Ms. Rosenthal's brain, causing late-life physical disability. This is known as __________.
A) a stroke
B) emphysema
C) hypertension
D) coronary pneumonia
A) a stroke
Which of the following is an example of primary aging?
A) blurred vision from macular degeneration
B) lung cancer from smoking cigarettes
C) weight gain from a sedentary lifestyle
D) high blood pressure from prolonged stress
A) blurred vision from macular degeneration
The cartilage on the ends of Wendell's joints is deteriorating. Around age 65, he developed bony lumps on the end of the joints on his fingers. Recently, he has been experiencing joint pain, swelling, and some loss of flexibility. Wendell probably has __________.
A) rheumatoid arthritis
B) osteoarthritis
C) osteoporosis
D) diabetes mellitus
B) osteoarthritis
__________ is associated with more rapid cognitive declines in older people and an elevated risk of dementia, especially Alzheimer's disease.
A) Osteoarthritis
B) Rheumatoid arthritis
C) Diabetes
D) Osteoporosis
C) Diabetes
Which older adult is more likely to be diagnosed with type 2 diabetes?
A) Daniel, who is European American
B) Rudy, who is African American
C) Fe, who is Asian American
D) Ernesta, who is South American
B) Rudy, who is African American
The risk of __________ fracture increases fifteenfold from age 65 to 85.
A) skull
B) elbow
C) hip
D) ankle
C) hip
Normal age-related cell death in the brain __________.
A) leads to serious deterioration of motor functions
B) leads to serious deterioration of mental functions
C) causes older people to lose the ability to perform everyday activities
D) does not lead to loss of ability to engage in everyday activities
D) does not lead to loss of ability to engage in everyday activities
One form of dementia that involves deterioration in subcortical brain regions is __________.
A) Alzheimer's disease
B) vascular dementia
C) reversible dementia
D) Parkinson's disease
D) Parkinson's disease
Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia are both types of __________.
A) cardiovascular dementia
B) cortical dementia
C) subcortical dementia
D) macular degeneration
B) cortical dementia
Approximately 5.2 million Americans have __________.
A) vascular dementia
B) Parkinson's disease
C) Alzheimer's disease
D) subcortical dementia
C) Alzheimer's disease
As Alzheimer's disease progresses, __________.
A) skilled and purposeful movements disintegrate
B) vision and hearing are adversely affected
C) anxiety and depression decrease
D) sleep becomes more restful and regular
A) skilled and purposeful movements disintegrate
Marion has just learned that her brain contains an abundance of neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques. Marion's doctors are probably concerned that she has __________.
A) suffered a stroke
B) Parkinson's disease
C) vascular dementia
D) Alzheimer's disease
D) Alzheimer's disease
The abnormal APOE ε4 gene is the most widely known risk factor for __________.
A) familial Alzheimer's disease
B) vascular dementia
C) Parkinson's disease
D) sporadic Alzheimer's disease
D) sporadic Alzheimer's disease
The rate of Alzheimer's disease is reduced by more than half in older adults __________.
A) who take ginkgo biloba
B) with higher education
C) who participate in leisure activities
D) with low levels of serotonin
B) with higher education
Caregivers of older adults with dementia usually say that __________ is the assistance they most desire.
A) knowledge about the disease
B) knowledge about community resources
C) learning techniques for dealing with stress
D) respite—time away from providing care—
D) respite—time away from providing care—
Mr. Torres had a series of strokes that left areas of dead brain cells, causing step-by-step degeneration of his mental ability. Mr. Torres is experiencing __________.
A) familial Alzheimer's disease
B) sporadic Alzheimer's disease
C) vascular dementia
D) Parkinson's disease
C) vascular dementia
__________ is the disorder most often misdiagnosed as dementia.
A) Atherosclerosis
B) Depression
C) Parkinson's disease
D) Diabetes
B) Depression
Which older adult is the most likely to enter a nursing home?
A) Mr. Holzman, who has dementia
B) Ms. Braun, who has cancer
C) Mr. Overholser, who has cardiovascular disease
D) Ms. Mattos, who has type 2 diabetes
A) Mr. Holzman, who has dementia
The more a mental ability depends on __________ intelligence, the earlier it starts to decline.
A) fluid
B) crystallized
C) emotional
D) cultural
A) fluid
Which statement is true about cognitive functioning in late adulthood?
A) Mental abilities that rely on biologically based information-processing skills are sustained longer.
B) Research reveals less individual variation in cognitive functioning in late adulthood than at any other time of life.
C) Older adults who sustain high levels of cognitive functioning engage in selective optimization with compensation.
D) Generally, cognitive improvement and maintenance outweigh cognitive loss as people approach the end of life.
C) Older adults who sustain high levels of cognitive functioning engage in selective optimization with compensation.
Nina travels from the living room to the kitchen intending to get something, but then she does not recall what she intended to get. Nina's experience provides an example of __________ memory.
A) temporal
B) semantic
C) episodic
D) implicit
C) episodic
At a recent family reunion, Philip's uncle recognized him as his brother's son, but he could not recall his name. Philip's uncle exhibited a(n) __________ memory deficit.
A) associative
B) implicit
C) remote
D) semantic
A) associative
The reminiscence bump __________.
A) usually involves events that occurred in midlife or after
B) characterizes emotionally negative, but not positive, memories
C) is evident in the autobiographical recall of older adults from diverse cultures
D) allows recall of intermediate events more readily than remote or recent events
C) is evident in the autobiographical recall of older adults from diverse cultures
Van sometimes has trouble finding the right words to convey his thoughts. He often says, "It is right on the tip of my tongue." Like many older adults, Van is most likely __________.
A) having a harder time comprehending language
B) attending more closely to features of conversational speech
C) having trouble retrieving words from long-term memory
D) quickly losing interest in conversational topics
C) having trouble retrieving words from long-term memory
A common technique used by many older adults to compensate for their difficulties in producing language is to __________.
A) speak more loudly and forcefully
B) avoid talking as much as possible
C) convey information through sign language
D) use more sentences to convey their message
D) use more sentences to convey their message
Florence is more likely to __________ than her adult grandchildren.
A) show a lower frequency of tip-of-the-tongue states
B) resolve tip-of-the-tongue states at a higher rate
C) speak with fewer sentence fragments and hesitations
D) use more complex grammatical structures
B) resolve tip-of-the-tongue states at a higher rate
Which statement is true about problem solving in late adulthood?
A) Older adults usually do what they can to avoid interpersonal conflicts.
B) Older people tend to seek advice of others less often than in the past.
C) Older adults typically have a hard time adapting strategies to fit problem conditions.
D) Older people tend to adopt a "wait and see" approach when it comes to health issues.
A) Older adults usually do what they can to avoid interpersonal conflicts.
Earl has broad practical knowledge, emotional maturity, and the ability to apply his knowledge to make life more worthwhile. Earl demonstrates __________.
A) fluid intelligence
B) crystallized intelligence
C) generativity
D) wisdom
D) wisdom
Wisdom __________.
A) involves general, not practical, knowledge
B) requires the pinnacle of insight into the human condition
C) is an intrinsic characteristic that develops with age
D) requires general familiarity with everyday dilemmas
B) requires the pinnacle of insight into the human condition
In the year before Trudy died, her friends and family noticed that she had become less active and more withdrawn, even in their company. Trudy experienced __________.
A) cognitive maintenance
B) a memory deficit
C) terminal decline
D) the reminiscence bump
C) terminal decline
An accelerating falloff in cognitive performance or in emotional investment in life is __________.
A) unusual in healthy older adults
B) a sign of loss of vitality and impending death
C) expected in adults soon after age 100
D) due to disuse of skills rather than biological aging
B) a sign of loss of vitality and impending death
Which statement is true about the types of lifelong learning programs available to older adults?
A) Continuing education programs for older adults primarily cater to those with little education and limited income.
B) The Road Scholar program originated in France and provides Western Europeans with campus-based programs.
C) Osher Lifelong Learning Institutes are located on more than 120 U.S. university campuses.
D) The University of the Third Age attracts nearly 100,000 American and Canadian older adults.
C) Osher Lifelong Learning Institutes are located on more than 120 U.S. university campuses.
Aimee is coordinating a continuing education program for older adults. Which of the following pieces of advice should she follow?
A) Do not provide handouts because they are often cumbersome.
B) Present the information in one session to aid mastery of new material.
C) Present information at a fairly rapid pace so it is not quickly forgotten.
D) Relate new material to what older adults have already learned by drawing on their experiences.
D) Relate new material to what older adults have already learned by drawing on their experiences.
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