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The Great Migration, Immigration, Progressivism, Early-1900s, and WW1

Terms in this set (62)

Quick Recap:
- African Americans were not allowed to work in ____________________
- During the late 1800s- early 1900s, South Carolina communities were divided based on race
- ____________________
- Without economic opportunities (____________________) and with the rise in racial tension, African Americans felt forced to leave South Carolina
textile mills, segregation, jobs
8-5.7:
In the post Civil War period, westward expansion continued as people moved from one region to another and immigrated to the United States
- African Americans moved to towns in the ___________________
- Most South Carolinians did not move west
- Neither African-American freedmen nor poor whites had the ___________________ to make such a move, even with the promise of free land.
Depressed economic conditions and low prices for their crops drove many South Carolina farmers off of the land and to the mill ___________________.
West, money, villages
Why did African Americans leave SC?
- _________________________ jobs were not open to African Americans.
African Americans moved from rural areas in South Carolina to factory jobs in the urban areas in the Northeast and the Midwest
- African Americans were also pushed out of the state by the continued agricultural depression and the ravages of the boll weevil, by the social discrimination of _________________________ laws and by increasing violence.
mill, Jim Crow
The Great Migration
- This describes the movement of ______________________ from the South to the urban areas of the _____________ and West
- Migration Patterns in SC in the late 1800s
- _________________ farms motivated people to move to cities to work in factories or mills
African Americans, North, Failing
Immigration to the US:
- Unlike immigrants from earlier years, immigration exploded in the US in the early 1900s
- People immigrated from countries like ____________, Russia and Eastern Europe because
- They were escaping starvation and persecution
- To Seek better employment opportunities
- Enjoy political and religious freedom
- From the late 1800s to the early 1900s, immigrants typically settled in urban centers in the north
- Very few _______________________ settled in South Carolina because few jobs were available due to the small number of ____________________ & mills
Italy, immigrants, factories
The Result of Immigration:
- Many immigrants were too ____________________ to move past the port cities they landed in
- Ethnic ______________________________ grew as immigrants moved to live near other people from their country
- Little Italy
- Chinatown
- The influx of racial and ethnic diversity led to a rise in "_________________"
- A belief that protects or __________________ the interests of the ________________ population of a country over the interests of immigrants.
- This gave __________ Americans a justification for white supremacy
poor, neighborhoods, favors, nativism, white
How many African-Americans moved during the Great Migration?
More than 6 million African-Americans moved during the Great Migration.
Why did African-Americans leave the South?
African-Americans left the South because of the discrimination of the laws (segregation) and limited job choices.
What was one problem that African-Americans experienced in the North?
In the North, African-Americans experienced racial prejudice.
How did most African-Americans make a living in the South after the end of slavery?
Most African-Americans made a living in the South post-slavery by working the land as sharecroppers.
How did the Ku Klux Klan make life difficult for the African-Americans of the South?
The Ku Klux Klan made life difficult for the Southern African-Americans by lynching and intimidating them.
Why was the North a good place for African-Americans to settle especially starting in 1914?
The North was a good place for African-Americans to settle because the start of World War 1 limited the amount of immigrants, who were the main industrial laborers.
How did the Great Migration affect the population of the cities in the North?
The Great Migration affected the population in the Northern cities by increasing the amount of blacks by over 60% in the larger cities.
Why was finding housing difficult for many African-Americans?
It was difficult for African-Americans to find housing because the large cities were crowded and rising rents for homes.
Why were there riots in 1919?
There were riots in 1919 because of the rising population of blacks in these large cities, which caused "strife" among the two races.
What was a positive impact of the Great Migration on African-Americans?
The Great Migration positively impacted African-Americans by "fostering the growth of a new urban, African American culture."
Why did the Great Migration slow in the 1930s?
Because of the Great Depression in the 1930s, the Great Migration slowed.
How did the black population change between 1900 and 1970?
Between 1900 and 1970, the Southern population of African-Americans decreased by over half and only 25% of them remained in rural areas.
What is "The Jungle" about?
"The Jungle" is about an immigrant man who comes to the United States to live the American Dream. He finds out that it is not as good as many claim and his life turns terrible
What did Sinclair hope to bring attention to by writing "The Jungle?"
Sinclair had hoped to bring attention to the problems and poor conditions faced by immigrant laborers.
What happened as a result of Sinclair's "The Jungle"?
As a result of Sinclair's story, President Roosevelt investigated the claims and Congress passed the Meat Inspection, the Pure Food, and Drug Acts of 1906.
Why is Upton Sinclair's story, "The Jungle," considered muckraking literature?
"The Jungle" is considered muckraking literature because the information was showing the terrible truth of one of the United States' biggest industries through "fictional" writing.
Progressivism wanted to fix the problems in what two places?
Growing cities, changing workplace
What were two goals of the Progressive movement?
Reform corrupted gov't, improve working conditions
Why were the needs of immigrants not a concern in SC?
There weren't many immigrants due to the lack of jobs in SC.
Why did Ben Tillman believe African-Americans should not have voting rights?
He did not believe they belonged in politics.
What are two examples of how the Progressives wanted to change SC?
child labor laws, women's suffrage
What was the goal of the "muckrakers"?
Reveal the truths of problems in the US
How did the laws change for children in the mills?
They were required to go to school and child labor laws made it illegal for them to work in mills.
Why were Progressives concerned about textile mill workers?
Many textile mill workers were illiterate.
How many children in SC attended school around 1900?
1/2 of SC's children attended school in 1900.
What were the three educational reforms in SC?
required attendance, more funding, adult education program
Why did many parents NOT support child labor laws?
Less workers = less money
How did the Progressives attempt to improve mill worker health?
State hospitals for those who were sick.
Why was there a need for two libraries in each town?
Libraries were segregated.
What was the overall mission of the Progressive Era?
Make the US a more equal, healthier place
How did Progressivism spread throughout the country?
Muckraking journalists shared Progressivism in their writing as well as support from Pres. Roosevelt
Which US president was the leader of Progressivism?
President Theodore Roosevelt
World War 1 begins . . .
- The First World War started in July 1914
- The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand was the catalyst
- The United States was ____________________ at the start of the war, but sent ____________________ & ____________________ to their allies
- ____________________ caused many European nations to join the conflict
neutral, supplies, weapons, alliances
Central Powers: ____________________, Ottoman Empire, and Austria-Hungary
Allied Powers: Great Britain, France, and ____________________
Germany, Russia
Although we did not join the fight at the start of the war, the United States sold ____________________ to the Allied Powers and loaned them money
To fight against the flow of goods going to their enemies, Germany unleashed a new weapon, the "____________________"
war materials, U-Boats
Threats to the US:
- In 1915, a British passenger ship, the ____________________, is sunk by a German U-Boat
- Almost 1,200 ____________________ were killed in the attack, including 128 Americans
- The ship contained ammunition and war supplies being sent to the __________________
- ____________________ citizens protest against Germany for sinking the Lusitania
Lusitania, civilians, Allies, American
- In 1917, The British intercept the ____________________ Telegram
- Sent from Germany to ____________________ to get them to fight against the United States
- Would keep the __________________ out of the war in Europe
- Mexico would get land back if the _________________ Powers won
Zimmermann, Mexico, US, Central
- In 1917, the Russian people _________________ against their leader, Czar Nicholas
- Russia quits _________________ to deal with the revolution at home
- Britain and France left without an important _____________
revolt, WW1, ally
SUM IT UP:
Why did the United States Enter the War??
- Russia abandoned the war due to a revolution, leaving the _________________ Powers short on help
- The _____________________ Telegram was sent to Mexico by Germany to bring our neighbor into the war
- American _________________ and civilians were being destroyed by German U-Boats in the Atlantic Ocean
Allied, Zimmermann, supplies
US in the War:
- German submarine attacks in the Atlantic Ocean prompted the U.S. to enter the war
- April 1917: Congress declares war on __________________, the U.S. enters WWI
- Wanted to "make the world safe for __________________"
- American soldiers help the Allies to defeat the German army in trenches of __________________ and Belgium
Germany, democracy, France
End of WW1:
- __________________ surrendered at 11am on November 11,1918
- The __________________ Powers, Britain, France, and the U.S., were victorious
- President Woodrow Wilson wrote the "______________________________" for the peace treaty conference
- They were meant to maintain a post-war _____________ and ensure no future world __________
Germany, Allied, Fourteen Points, peace, wars
What are two examples of how American showed their distrust and dislike for German-Americans during WWI?
German-American homes were vandalized and foods with German-names were renamed
What happened to the S.C. town of Hamburg?
It was renamed North Augusta because Hamburg was a German name.
How many South Carolinians served in the First World War?
More than 65,000 South Carolinians served in WW1.
How was it possible for America's military to grow so quickly when we entered WWI?
Congress passed the Selective Servitude Act to grow it.
How did the camps in Columbia, Greenville, and Spartanburg help the war effort?
These camps helped by training the soldiers for the war.
Which camp remains open today?
Camp Jackson
Which branch of the military has a camp at Parris Island?
the Marines
How was discrimination against African-Americans demonstrated within the U.S. military?
Banned from serving the Marines, received lowest positions in navy and coast guard, put in segregated camps and units
How did Carolinian Bernard Baruch help the U.S. during WWI?
Coordinated the making of required war materials, which helped the US increase production and make a large profit
What are two resources conserved by Americans to help the war effort?
Meat and wheat
How did "victory gardens" help the war effort?
Allowed farm-grown food to be sent straight to soldiers overseas.
How much money was raised thanks to American citizens buying war bonds?
Nearly $100 million was raised because of American's buying war bonds.
How many South Carolinians were killed during the First World War?
Almost 2,100 soldiers
What happened during the period of time known as the "Red Summer"?
violence against blacks reached its peak and many were killed
What city experienced the worst of the violence during the Red Summer?
Chicago (IL)
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