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Art History Test #2

Terms in this set (53)

18.1
Title: Garden of Earthly Delights
Artist: Hieronymus Bosch
Time Period: HIGH RENAISSANCE
Significance: Influence of Mannerism in Northern Europe. Left: Adam and Eve in the garden, Center: Paradise, Right: Hell
18.2
Title: Isenheim Altarpiece
Artist: Matthias Grünewald
Time Period: HIGH RENAISSANCE
Significance: More graphic depiction of the crucifixion, suffering feels more realistic. The closed version of the altarpiece
18.3
Title: Witches' Sabbath
Artist: Hans Baldung Grien
Time Period: HIGH RENAISSANCE
Significance: An example of a chiaroscuro woodcut, depicts witches naked in a forest setting
18.4
Title: Self-Portrait
Artist: Albrecht Dürer
Time Period: HIGH RENAISSANCE
Significance: Presents himself as a frontal Christlike figure reminiscent of
medieval icons. It is an image of the artist as a divinely inspired genius, a concept inconceivable before the Renaissance
18.5
Title: Fall of Man
Artist: Albrecht Dürer
Time Period: HIGH RENAISSANCE
Significance: Two figures based on ancient statues, reflects studies of the Vitruvian theory of human proportions
18.7
Title: Four Apostles
Artist: Albrecht Dürer
Time Period: HIGH RENAISSANCE
Significance: Support for Lutheranism, portrait-like depictions of four saints on two painted panels. Peter, the representative of the pope in Rome, plays a secondary role behind John the Evangelist
18.11
Title: The French Ambassadors
Artist: Hans Holbein the Younger
Time Period:HIGH RENAISSANCE
Significance: Result of Henry VIII rejections of the Catholic Church. Anamorphic skull
18.12
Title: Francis I
Artist: Jean Clouet
Time Period:HIGH RENAISSANCE
Significance: Reveals the artist's attention to detail but also the flattening of features and disproportion between head and body, giving the painting a formalized quality
18.13
Title: Château de Chambord
Artist:
Time Period:HIGH RENAISSANCE
Significance: Reflects Italian palazzo design, but it has a Gothic roof
18.15
Title: Neptune and Amphitrite
Artist: Jan Gossaert
Time Period: HIGH RENAISSANCE
Significance: Inspired the poses of Gossaert's classical deities, but the architectural setting is probably based on sketches of ancient buildings Gossaert made during his trip to Rome
18.16
Title: Money-Changer and His Wife
Artist: Quinten Massys
Time Period: HIGH RENAISSANCE
Significance: Depiction of a secular financial transaction is also a commentary on Netherlandish values. The banker's wife shows more interest in the money- weighing than in her prayer book
18.19
Title: Elizabeth I as a Princess
Artist: Levina Teerlinc
Time Period: HIGH RENAISSANCE
Significance: Teerlinc received greater compensation for her work for the British court than did her male contemporaries. Her considerable skill is evident in this life-size portrait of Elizabeth I as a young princess. One of the first significant female artists
18.21
Title: Netherlandish Proverbs
Artist: Pieter Bruegel the Elder
Time Period: HIGH RENAISSANCE
Significance: Focuses on everyday life and Christian values
18.23
Title: Colegio de San Gregoria
Artist:
Time Period: HIGH RENAISSANCE
Significance: The Plateresque architectural style takes its name from Platero (Spanish, "silversmith")
18.25
Title: Burial of Count Orgaz
Artist: El Greco
Time Period HIGH RENAISSANCE
Significance: Distinctly Catholic and reflects the mannerist style of the Italian masters
19.3
Title: East facade of St. Peters
Artist: Carlo Maderno
Time Period: BAROQUE IN ITALY
Significance: The facade of Saint Peter's, competition which revealed humanism, and propaganda to get people into the church
19.4
Title: St. Peter's Cathedral
Artist: Gianlorenzo Bernini
Time Period: BAROQUE IN ITALY
Significance: Saint Peter's piazza symbolizes the welcome the Catholic Church wished to extend during the Counter-Reformation, competition which revealed humanism, and propaganda to get people into the church
19.5
Title: Baldacchino
Artist: Gianlorenzo Bernini
Time Period: BAROQUE IN ITALY
Significance: Bernini's Baldacchino serves both functional and symbolic purposes. It marks Saint Peter's tomb and the high altar, and it visually bridges human scale to the lofty vaults and dome above
19.6
Title: David
Artist: GianLorenzo Bernini
Time Period: BAROQUE IN ITALY
Significance: The element of time
plays an important role, seems to be moving through time and space
19.9
Title: Façade of San Carlo alle Quatro Fountain
Artist: Francesco Borromini
Time Period: BAROQUE IN ITALY
Significance: Borromini rejected the notion that a church should have a flat frontispiece. He set San Carlo's facade in an undulating motion, creating a dynamic counterpoint of concave and convex elements. Was a competition and showed difficult techniques
19.10
Title: plan of San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane
Artist: Francesco Borromini
Time Period:BAROQUE IN ITALY
Significance: The plan of San Carlo is a hybrid of a Greek cross and an oval
19.11
Title: Dome of San Carlo alle Quatro Fountain
Artist: Francesco Borromini
Time Period: BAROQUE IN ITALY
Significance: In place of a traditional round dome, Borromini capped the interior of San Carlo with a deeply coffered oval dome that seems to float on the light entering
through windows hidden in its base
19.17
Title: Calling of Saint Matthew
Artist: Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio
Time Period: BAROQUE IN ITALY
Significance: Stark contrast of light and dark was a key feature of Caravaggio's style, Christ is cloaked in shadow, created tenebrism, and used it well
19.19
Title: Judith Slaying Holefernes
Artist: Artemisia Gentileschi
Time Period: BAROQUE IN ITALY
Significance: Prime example of narratives involving heroic women
19.24
Title: Glorification of St. Ignatius
Artist: Fra Andrea Pozzo
Time Period: BAROQUE IN ITALY
Significance: By merging real and painted architecture, Pozzo created the illusion the vaulted ceiling has been lifted off and the nave opens to Heaven above
19.30
Title: King of Spain
Artist: Diego Velázquez
Time Period: BAROQUE IN SPAIN
Significance: Huge and complex work, with its cunning contrasts of real, mirrored, and picture spaces, to elevate both himself and the profession of painting in the eyes of Philip IV
20.2
Title: Elevation of the Cross
Artist: Peter Paul Ruben
Time Period: BAROQUE IN NORTHERN ITALY
Significance: In this triptych, Rubens explored foreshortened anatomy and violent action. The whole composition seethes with a power that comes from heroic exertion. The tension is emotional as well as physical
20.9
Title: Archers of Saint Hadrian
Artist: Frans Hals
Time Period: BAROQUE IN NORTHERN ITALY
Significance: Hals succeeded in solving the problem of portraying each individual in a group portrait while retaining action and variety
in the painting as a whole
20.11
Title: Judith Leyster
Artist: Self-Portrait
Time Period: BAROQUE IN NORTHERN ITALY
Significance: Leyster wears elegant attire instead of a painter's smock, placing her socially as a member of a well-to-do family
20.13
Title: The Company of Captain Frans Banning Cocq (Night Watch)
Artist: Rembrandt van Rijn
Time Period: BAROQUE IN NORTHERN ITALY
Significance: An unusual composition, arranging members of Amsterdam's surgeons' guild clustered on one side of the painting as they watch Dr. Tulp dissect a corpse
20.15
Title: Self-Portrait
Artist: Rembrandt van Rijn
Time Period: BAROQUE IN NORTHERN ITALY
Significance: Late self-portrait, Rembrandt's interest in revealing the soul is evident in the attention given to his expressive face. The controlled use of light and the nonspecific setting contribute to this focus
20.16
Title: Christ with the Sick around Him, Receiving the Children (Hundred-Guilder Print)
Artist: Rembrandt van Rijn
Time Period: BAROQUE IN NORTHERN ITALY
Significance: The newly perfected medium of etching is evident in his expert use of light and dark to draw attention to Christ as he preaches compassionately to the blind and lame
20.20
Title: Allegory of the Art of Painting
Artist: Jan Vermeer
Time Period: BAROQUE IN NORTHERN ITALY
Significance: Dutch painters often specialized in domestic scenes, but Vermeer's mother-in-law described this work as the "Art of Painting." Vermeer's tribute to his craft includes a model holding Clio's attributes
20.24
Title: Louis XIV
Artist: Hyacinthe Rigaud
Time Period: BAROQUE IN FRANCE
Significance: This portrait set against a stately backdrop, Rigaud portrayed the 5′ 4′′ Sun King wearing red high-heeled shoes and with his ermine-lined coronation robes thrown over his left shoulder
20.25
Title: east facade of the Louvre
Artist: Claude Perrault, Louis Le Vau, and Charles Le Brun
Time Period:BAROQUE IN FRANCE
Significance: The design of the Louvre's east facade is a brilliant synthesis of French and Italian classical elements, including a central pavilion resembling an ancient temple front with a pediment
20.26
Title: aerial view of the palace and gardens
Artist: Jules Hardouin-Mansart, Charles Le Brun, and André Le NÔtre
Time Period: BAROQUE IN FRANCE
Significance: Louis XIV ordered his architects to convert a royal hunting lodge at Versailles into a gigantic palace and park with a satellite city whose three radial avenues intersect in the king's bedroom
20.27
Title: Galerie des Glaces (Hall of Mirrors)
Artist: Jules Hardouin-Mansart and Charles Le Brun
Time Period:BAROQUE IN FRANCE
Significance: Hall overlooks the Versailles park from the second floor of Louis XIV's palace. Hundreds of mirrors illusionistically extend the room's width and once reflected gilded and jeweled furnishings
20.31
Title: Et in Arcadia Ego
Artist: Nicolas Poussin
Time Period: BAROQUE IN FRANCE
Significance: Poussin was the leading proponent of classicism in 17th-century Rome. His "grand manner" paintings are models of "arrangement and measure"
and incorporate figures inspired by ancient statuary
20.38
Title: west facade of Saint Paul's Cathedral
Artist: Sir Christopher Wren
Time Period: BAROQUE IN ENGLAND
Significance: The great dome recalls Saint Peter's in Rome
N/A :{
21.1
Title: A Philosopher Giving a Lecture at the Orrery
Artist: Joseph Wright
Time Period: ROCOCO OR NEOCLASSICISM
Significance: The wonders of scientific knowledge mesmerize everyone in Wright's painting, adults as well as children. At the right, two gentlemen pay rapt attention to the demonstration

Tenebrusm, Scientific Method, Disegno
21.2
Title: Salon de la Princesse
Artist: Germain Boffrand
Time Period: ROCOCO
Significance: Rococo rooms such as this one, featuring sinuous curves, gilded moldings and mirrors, small sculptures and paintings, and floral ornamentation, were the center of Parisian social and intellectual life
21.7
Title: Pilgrimage to Cythera
Artist: Antoine Watteau
Time Period: ROCOCO
Significance: Depict the outdoor amusements of French upper-class society. The haze of color, subtly modeled shapes, gliding motion, and air of suave gentility match Rococo taste

Colorito
21.8
Title: Cupid a Captive
Artist: François Boucher
Time Period: ROCOCO
Significance: In this Rococo tableau, he painted a pyramid of rosy infant and female flesh and fluttering draperies set off against a cool, leafy background
21.9
Title: The Swing
Artist: Jean-Honoré Fragonard
Time Period: ROCOCO
Significance: Swing epitomizes Rococo style. Pastel colors and soft light complement a scene in which a young lady flirtatiously kicks off her shoe at a statue of Cupid while her lover watches
21.14
Title: Village Bride
Artist: Jean-Baptiste Greuze
Time Period:ROCOCO OR NEOCLASSICISM
Significance: Appealed to a new audience that admired "natural" virtue. Here, in an unadorned room, a father blesses his daughter and her husband-to-be

Shows more Christian beliefs in France and marrying for love
21.15
Title: Self-Portrait
Artist: Élisabeth-Louise Vigée-Lebrun
Time Period: ROCOCO OR NEOCLASSICISM
Significance: One of the few women admitted to the Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture. In this self-portrait, she depicted herself confidently painting the likeness of Queen Marie Antoinette

Most famous female painter in England
21.18
Title: Mrs. Richard Brinsley Sheridan
Artist: Thomas Gainsborough
Time Period: ROCOCO OR NEOCLASSICISM
Significance: Life-size portrait, Gainsborough sought to match Mrs. Sheridan's natural beauty with that of the landscape. The rustic setting, soft-hued light, and feathery brushwork recall Rococo painting
21.20
Title: Death of General Wolfe
Artist: Benjamin West
Time Period: NEOCLASSICISM (Italy)
Significance: West's great innovation was to blend contemporary subject matter and costumes with the grand tradition of history painting.
Here, the painter likened General Wolfe's death to that of a martyred saint

English version of age of enlightenment and use of Roman neoclassical lines
disengo
​
21.25
Title: Oath of the Horatii
Artist: Jacques-Louis David
Time Period: NEOCLASSICISM
Significance: David was the Neoclassical painter-ideologist of the French Revolution. This huge canvas celebrating ancient Roman patriotism and sacrifice features statuesque figures and classical architecture
21.26
Title: Death of Marat
Artist: Jacques-Louis David
Time Period: NEOCLASSICISM
Significance: David depicted the revolutionary Marat as a tragic martyr, stabbed to death in his bath. Although the painting displays severe Neoclassical spareness, its convincing realism conveys pain and outrage

Heroic Martyrdom - (David's friend) stabbed by political opponent
21.30
Title: Monticello
Artist: Thomas Jefferson
Time Period:NEOCLASSICISM
Significance: Jefferson led the movement to adopt Neoclassicism as the architectural style of the United States. Although built of local materials, his Palladian Virginia home recalls Chiswick House

US influence by French philosophy
Influence of Pallace of Versailles
21.32
Title: George Washington
Artist: Jean-Antoine Houdon
Time Period:NEOCLASSICISM
Significance: Houdon portrayed Washington in contemporary garb, but he incorporated the Roman fasces and Cincinnatus's plow in the statue because Washington similarly had returned to his farm after his war service

Neoclassical is the style of the American Revolution
21.33
Title: Horatio Greenough
Artist: George Washington
Time Period: NEOCLASSICISM
Significance: In this posthumous portrait, Greenough likened Washington to a god
by depicting him seminude and enthroned in the manner of Phidias's
Olympian statue of Zeus, king of the Greek gods

Neoclassical is the style of the American Revolution
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