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chapter nine sociology

Terms in this set (34)

Many special education programs in the school districts disproportionately include African American students. Which of Joe R. Feagin's four categories of discrimination is demonstrated in this example?
a. Isolate discrimination
b. Small-group discrimination
c. Direct institutionalized discrimination
d. Indirect institutionalized discrimination
d
Which of the following statements is true of Puerto Rican Americans in the United States?
a.
About 67 percent of Puerto Rican Americans are homeowners.
b.
They have higher levels of educational attainment than the overall Hispanic population overall.
c.
About 50 percent of Puerto Rican Americans live in poverty.
d.
They are the largest segment of the Latinx population in the United States.
b
Leah, a white American sports journalist, describes African American athletes as naturally gifted people with athletic abilities who are more suitable for team positions that require agility rather than information processing. However, she describes white athletes as intelligent people who are better suited for decision-making positions. This scenario exemplifies __________ racism.
a.
subtle
b.
explicit
c.
manifest
d.
overt
a
More than half of the members of the Cherokee Nation died during or as a result of their coerced relocation from the southeastern United States to the Indian Territory in Oklahoma. In the context of the historical experiences of Native Americans in the United States, this "Trail of Tears" was an intentional act of __________.
a.
forced assimilation
b.
forced migration
c.
genocide
d.
pluralism
b
Farooq, a Muslim Asian immigrant in the United States, joins an automobile plant as an assembly-line worker. He interacts with his coworkers but only gradually gains acceptance in everyday interaction with members of the dominant group. Over time, he becomes close friends with one of his white American coworkers. This scenario exemplifies __________.
a.
amalgamation
b.
biological assimilation
c.
acculturation
d.
structural assimilation
d
Jennifer, a white American, believes that the customs of her own culture are superior to those of other cultures. As a result, she judges members of other cultures based on the standards of her own culture and considers them inferior. This scenario best exemplifies __________.
a.
xenocentrism
b.
ethnocentrism
c.
cultural relativism
d.
scapegoating
b
Which of the following terms refers to policies or procedures that are intended to promote equal opportunity for categories of people deemed to have been previously excluded from equality in education, employment, and other fields on the basis of characteristics such as race or ethnicity?
a.
Reverse discrimination
b.
Ethnocentrism
c.
Deregulation
d.
Affirmative action
d
Antony owned a restaurant in the United States in the 1950s. He did not feel negatively toward African Americans but refused to serve them in his restaurant because he feared that serving them would offend his white customers. In the context of Robert K. Merton's typology of prejudice and discrimination, Antony is a(n) __________.
a.
prejudiced discriminator
b.
prejudiced nondiscriminator
c.
unprejudiced nondiscriminator
d.
unprejudiced discriminator
d
A category of people who have been singled out as inferior or superior, often on the basis of real or alleged physical characteristics such as skin color, hair texture, eye shape, or other subjectively selected attributes, is referred to as a(n) __________.
a.
tribal group
b.
ethnic group
c.
diaspora
d.
race
d
Contemporary sociologists would term whites in the United States with northern European ancestry (often referred to as European Americans, white Anglo-Saxon Protestants, or WASPs) as the
a. majority group.
b. minority group.
c. dominant group.
d. subordinate group.
c
A category of people who have been singled out as inferior or superior, often on the basis of real or alleged physical characteristics such as skin color, hair texture, eye shape, or other subjectively selected attributes, is referred to as a(n) __________.
a.
ethnic group
b.
tribal group
c.
race
d.
diaspora
c
Which of the following terms refers to policies or procedures that are intended to promote equal opportunity for categories of people deemed to have been previously excluded from equality in education, employment, and other fields on the basis of characteristics such as race or ethnicity?
a.
Affirmative action
b.
Ethnocentrism
c.
Deregulation
d.
Reverse discrimination
a
The U.S. Census of __________ made it possible for the first time for individuals to identify themselves as being of more than one race.
a.
1965
b.
1790
c.
2000
c
Which of the following statements is true of Puerto Ricans in the United States?
a. They are the largest segment of the Latinx population.
b. They live primarily in the southwestern region of the United States.
c. They have higher levels of educational attainment than the overall Hispanic population.
d. They have median incomes above those of other Latinx.
c
In what way does race differ from ethnicity?
a. Race has a genetic and biological basis, whereas ethnicity has a political and economic basis.
b. Race is more closely tied to a distinct geographic area.
c. Race is a more objective way of categorizing people since it is more observable.
d. Race is based on physical characteristics, whereas ethnicity is based on culture and national origin.
c
A bank consistently denies loans to people of color because it believes they are unlikely to repay the amount due on time. This is most likely an example of __________ discrimination.
a.
individual
b.
case-by-case
c.
customized
d.
institutional
d
Which of the following categories of Asian Americans in the United States have a median household income of over $100,000, which is higher than that of Asian Americans as a whole?
a.
Asian Indian Americans
b.
Indochinese Americans
c.
Japanese Americans
d.
Chinese American
a
According to symbolic interactionists, when individuals meet someone who does not conform to their existing stereotype, they frequently __________.
a.
modify some aspects of the stereotype they hold
b.
ignore the person completely
c.
ignore any behavior that contradicts the stereotype
d.
abandon the stereotype and accept the person for who he or she is
c
Identify a true statement about white ethnic Americans.
a.
They experienced discrimination because many white ethnic Americans were not Protestant.
b.
They arrived early in the nineteenth century.
c.
The Italians were the first white ethnic immigrants to enter the United States.
d.
They migrated primarily from northern Europe and assumed a dominant cultural position in society.
a
Which of the following theoretical perspectives is associated with the contact hypothesis?
a. The conflict perspective
b. The functionalist perspective
c. The postmodernist perspective
d. The symbolic interactionist perspective
d
Which of the following is a reason for the relatively high average household income of Filipino American families?
a.
Most of them have been employed in the high-wage sector of the service economy.
b.
Most Filipinos have had the start-up capital necessary to open their own businesses.
c.
They earned fortunes while working in agriculture in the U.S. mainland and in fish canneries in Seattle and Alaska.
d.
They have one of the highest levels of educational attainment among Asian Americans.
d
Which of the following comprises the largest Asian American group in the United States?
a.
Japanese Americans
b.
Filipino Americans
c.
Chinese Americans
d.
Korean Americans
c
Which of the following theories states that actions of the government substantially define racial and ethnic relations in the United States?
a.
Critical race theory
b.
The split-labor-market theory
c.
The theory of racial formation
d.
Ethnicity theory
c
Which of the following terms is defined as overgeneralizations about the appearance, behavior, or other characteristics of members of particular categories?
a. Racism
b. Prejudices
c. Stereotypes
d. Discrimination
c
Which of the following practices is defined as a killing carried out by a group of vigilantes seeking revenge for an actual or imagined crime by the victim and was practiced by whites to intimidate African Americans in the United States?
a.
Genocide
b.
Swatting
c.
Scapegoating
d.
Lynching
d
Which of the following is a difference between racial groups and ethnic groups?
a.
Unlike racial groups, ethnic groups are xenocentric in nature.
b.
Unlike ethnic groups, racial groups share a sense of territoriality.
c.
Unlike in ethnic groups, the membership of an individual to a racial group is ascribed from birth.
d.
Unlike racial groups, ethnic groups are formed on the basis of cultural or nationality characteristics.
d
A small country in Europe is renowned for being home to multiple ethnic groups. People of Asian, German, and African cultural heritages peacefully coexist with one another and have uniform access to power and privilege in this country. In this scenario, this European country can be said to have __________.
a.
biological assimilation
b.
ethnocentrism
c.
equalitarian pluralism
d.
ethnic nepotism
c
Many Iranian Americans refer to themselves as "Persian" rather than "Iranian" because
a.
Persian Americans are considered to be Arab and, therefore, are seldom treated with prejudice.
b.
unlike Persian Americans, Iranian Americans speak Farsi and, therefore, suffer de facto segregation.
c.
they had migrated to the United States before Persia was renamed as Iran in 1970.
d.
of the perceived negativity associated with the political history of the country of Iran.
d
Which of the following terms describes the coexistence of a variety of distinct racial and ethnic groups within one society?
a. Assimilation
b. Ethnic pluralism
c. Racial stratification
d. Internal colonialism
b
Sociologists emphasize that race is __________.
a.
seldom considered important in a society
b.
a meaningful concept
c.
established genetically
d.
a socially constructed reality
d
Many sports teams such as the Atlanta Braves, Cleveland Indians, and Washington Redskins use Native American mascots and depict them with feathers, buckskins, beads, spears, and "warpaint." Such depictions are examples of __________.
a.
cultural relativism
b.
xenocentrism
c.
scapegoating
d.
stereotyping
b
Native Americans in the United States are currently in a transition from a history marked by prejudice and discrimination to a contemporary life in which they may find new opportunities. One of the challenges that Native Americans face today is
a.
promoting inequalitarian pluralism among members of the dominant group.
b.
developing an ethnocentric attitude toward the dominant group.
c.
erasing negative stereotypes while maintaining their heritage.
d.
obtaining recognition for their role in the eradication of de facto segregation from the United States.
c
Which of the following racial or ethnic groups has been the most privileged racial or ethnic group in the United States?
a.
Italian Americans
b.
Irish Americans
c.
white Anglo-Saxon Protestants
d.
Middle Eastern Americans
c
In the 1950s, many African Americans participating in the civil rights movement tried to combat racial inequality through nonviolent action seeking to change a policy or law by refusing to comply with it. This tactic is called
a. social protest.
b. affirmative action.
c. civil disobedience.
d. the Black Power movement.
c
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