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Chapter 20: Nutrition for Patients with Cardiovascular Disorders

Terms in this set (30)

One of the strategies for reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease is to increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. What is the best way of increasing HDL?

A) Reducing saturated fat intake
B) Reducing cholesterol intake
C) Increasing dietary fiber intake
D) Losing weight, if overweight
D
A "Mediterranean" type diet is higher in fat than is recommended, yet it is felt to be a heart healthy diet by the American Heart Association (AHA) because the major oil in this diet is olive oil. What is the major fat in olive oil, canola oil, and peanut oil?

A) Trans fat
B) Monounsaturated fat
C) Polyunsaturated fat
D) Omega-3 fat
B
Research has shown that as the intake of sodium increases so does the blood pressure. For the possible prevention of hypertension, it is recommended by the American Heart Association (AHA) that all Americans try to reduce their intake of sodium to which of the following?

A) 1800 mg
B) 2000 mg
C) 2300 mg
D) 3000 mg
C
The average sodium intake in the American diet is approximately 3900 mg/day. In the average American diet, where does the greatest amount of sodium come from?

A) Salt added during cooking
B) Salt added at the table
C) Salt added to processed foods
D) Natural sources of sodium
C
Dairy products, beef, pork, poultry, and lamb, eaten so liberally in the American diet, provide the majority of which of the following substances?

A) Saturated fat
B) Polyunsaturated fat
C) Monounsaturated fat
D) Omega-3 fat
A
Monounsaturated fat is considered a "heart healthy" fat. Which oil is highest in monounsaturated fat?

A) Fish oil
B) Olive oil
C) Corn oil
D) Coconut oil
B
The AHA has recommended limiting sodium intake to 2300 mg/day. Which of the following foods is the best choice for the client on a restricted-sodium diet?

A) 2 large graham cracker rectangles
B) 1 corn bread muffin
C) 2 slices of reduced fat cheese
D) 1 teaspoon of soft margarine
D
Alcohol consumption is encouraged to be limited to no more than one per day for women and two per day for men. How may the moderate consumption of alcohol reduce the risk of heart disease?

A) Lowering LDL cholesterol
B) Lowering blood pressure
C) Reducing platelet aggregation
D) Providing vitamin E
C
The nurse has given a group of students the assignment of making a DASH menu based on 2000 heart healthy calories. What would be the best lunch on this diet?

A) Cheese sandwich, 1 tablespoon of mayonnaise, 6-inch Italian roll, 1 large leaf of iceberg lettuce, 2 slices of tomato, low-sodium potato salad, and 1 medium apple
B) Ham sandwich with 2 oz of low-sodium ham, 1 teaspoon of Dijon mustard, 1 slice of cheddar cheese, 6-inch Italian roll, large leaf of iceberg lettuce, 2 slices of tomato, low-sodium potato salad, and 1 medium peach
C) Beef sandwich with 2 oz of low-sodium beef; 1 tablespoon of Dijon mustard; 2 slices of reduced fat cheddar cheese; sesame roll; 1 large leaf of romaine lettuce; 2 slices of tomato; 1 cup of low-fat, low-sodium potato salad; and 1 medium orange
D) 1 low-fat grilled cheese sandwich on white bread, 1 large leaf of iceberg lettuce, 2 slices of tomato, 1 tablespoon of original ranch dressing, 1 individual package of corn chips, and 1 medium orange
C
The nursing students are making a list of interventions for people who need to limit their intake of sodium to 2000 mg/day. What would be an acceptable intervention for this population?

A) Limit processed cheese use.
B) Limit bread to two slices per day.
C) Drink and cook with distilled water.
D) Use low-sodium milk.
A
The nurse is caring for a 71-year-old female with heart failure who is on a 1800 mg/day sodium-restricted diet. The nurse knows the client understands the nutrition teaching when she states, "I need to restrict my intake of sodium so I will choose a breakfast of . . . " which of the following?

A) 1/2 cup of low-fat granola, 6 oz of plain yogurt, coffee, and 1 cup of orange juice
B) 1 cup of orange juice, 1 waffle topped with 3/4 cup of blueberries, and coffee
C) A parfait consisting of 1 1/4 cups of strawberries, 1/2 cup of low-fat granola, 6 oz of plain yogurt, and black coffee
D) 2 cups puffed-wheat cereal; 1 slice of whole wheat bread; 1 medium banana; 1 cup of nonfat milk; 1 cup of orange juice; and 1 teaspoon of soft, unsalted margarine
D
An intervention proven to reduce hypertension and increase weight loss is a "heart healthy" diet. What diet besides the DASH diet is recommended as "heart healthy"?

A) Mediterranean diet
B) Low-calorie, low-potassium diet
C) Los Angeles diet
D) Metabolic diet
A
The nurse is working with a client who needs to lose weight to try and lower his hypertension. The client wants to focus on individual nutrients and the nurse is trying to encourage him to look at eating whole "real" foods instead. Which of the following explanations can the nurse share with this client concerning this?

A) It is likely several aspects of the diet lower blood pressure.
B) It is easier to design menu plans.
C) Focusing on individual nutrients is more time consuming.
D) It enables more use of prepared foods.
A
The nurse is discussing the differences of the DASH diet and traditional Mediterranean diet with a client. The nurse explains the main difference between the two diets is which of the following?

A) Amount of fat
B) Amount of sodium
C) Amount of fish
D) Amount of calories
A
The nurse is teaching a group of student nurses how to develop menu plans based on a 2000-calorie DASH eating plan. Which of the following menus best demonstrates this plan?

A) 1/2 cup of brown rice; 6 oz of steamed salmon; 1/2 cup of steamed green beans; 1 cup of tossed salad with lettuce, carrots, tomatoes, celery, radishes, and onions; 1 tablespoon of fat-free salad dressing; and hot tea
B) 3 oz of ground beef patty fried; 1 whole wheat hamburger bun with lettuce leaf, tomato slice, 1 slice of American cheese, 2 tablespoons of mayonnaise and mustard; and 2 cups diet soda
C) 1 cup of clam chowder in medium-sized bread bowl, 4 saltine crackers, and 2 cups of skim milk
D) 1 slice of pizza with cheddar cheese, pepperoni, mushroom slices, bell pepper, olives, and pizza sauce; and 2 cups of milk
A
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