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Flashcard Quizlet

Terms in this set (20)

extinction(not blindness)
-patient will detect the stimuli when presented to the neglected side when the stimulus is salient/ presented in isolation
-when both presented simultaneously to opposite sides of the field of view, the stimulus on the ipsilateral side will prevent the patient to detect the stimulus presented contra-laterally(extinction)+ persists even when recovered from neglect
-stimulus presented ipsilaterally acts as a distractor
- fails to see them altogether, and fails to describe the position of one with respect to himself and the other
neglect can be overcome by:
directing the patient's attention to the contraleteral side
line bisection test
spatial based selection+ object based selection
egocentric and allocentric
object copy test
defeicits even when drawing from memory-only half of the object is drawn
+indicates: not conceptual/semantic access
Bisiach and Luzatti
1-cannot describe the left side of a scene from memory
2-when asked to change the perspective--> could only describe the right side containing the things that they neglected in 1st description
--> not a memory problem but rather but in attending to the recall scene
--> they reported what they see, and neglected what they already remembered
Balint's syndrome
-inability to perceive several objects at a time
-occipital - parietal lesion
-symptoms: simultagnosia(more than 1 object at a time)- ocular apraxia(eye movement to scan)-optic ataxia(grasping-localization)
neglect and balint suggest 2 systems of selesction
space-based and object-based selection
neglect vs balint's
neglect: deficits in attention to regions in space
balint: deficit in attention to multiple objects
extinction suggests that neglect is:
deficits in selecting sensory info to process
Voluntary vs. reflexive attention
voluntary: top-down
reflexive: stimulus driven-salience
overt vs covert(diff ways of orienting to a stimulus)
overt: selectively attending to an item or location y moving the eyes towards that direction
covert: mentally shifting one's focus without moving one's eyes
divided attention
cocktail party effect: ability to follow one convo in the presence of other similtaneous
-hard to maintain when the tasks are difficult and similar to other tasks
-requires conscious awareness
-easir to maintain with a well-practiced task that is :
1- not diff
2-different from other tasks
3-requires less conscious awareness
Can shift you attention covertly(eavesdropping) or overtly(attending to your convo)
dichotic listening task
different sensory info presented to each of the ears
task: measure how much info is reported from the unattended ear: very little(female or male)+ required to shadow(immediately repeat the auditory stimuli at 1 ear)--> shadow the left and ignore right
--> attention affects what is being processed
interpretation: ignored stimuli are not processed by the sensory system
processing bottlenecks
some stages of sensory processing have limited capacity
early selection model vs attenuator
explain+limitation: all or none( process to a certain extent unattended stimuli)- some ignored stimuli grab our attention
quantifying spacial attention (experiment)
valid-invalid-neutral trials
cue: directs the spatial attention
results: attended targets are processed faster-inattended are processed slower
--> spatial attentions facilitates stimulus processing
-cuing decreases the time to target as long as the diff between the cue and target is not prolonged:
cue-target presentation is less than 400 ms--> RT is faster
more than 400 ms--> greater RT due to inhibition of return
how to make sure that ppt is covertly attending and not due to eye movement?
-eye tracker: make sure that the subject's gaze is not biased toward the attended side
-catch trials: knows there is invalid trials-cannot respond unless his eyes remain fixated
acc to Posner, 3 things must happen for appropiate attending to occur:
1-disengaging
2-moving attention to new location
3-engage in location
systems:
1-frontal system: maintain vigilance
2-posterior parietal: orientation
3-anterior cingulate: active in target direction
Posner: cue is endogeneous-symbolic, why?
will predict to which location the target is presented--> voluntarily shifts his attention
cued and uncued targets might be processed in same way
the ppts motor system is more prepared to respond if the info comes from side rather than the other
--> selection could happen at the motor level
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