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Ch 6 Chemical Bonding

Terms in this set (21)

Molecule
A neutral group of atoms that are held together by covalent bonds
chemical formula
The relative numbers of atoms of each kind in a chemical compound by using atomic symbols and numerical subscripts.
molecular formula
The types and numbers of atoms combined in a single molecule of a molecular compound.
bond length
The distance between two bonded atoms at their minimum potential energy, that is, the average distance between two bonded atoms.
bond energy
the energy required to break a chemical bond and form neutral isolated atoms.
octet rule
Chemical compounds tend to form so that each atom, by gaining, losing, or sharing electrons, has an octet of electrons in its highest occupied energy level.
Lewis Dot Structure
diagrams that show the bonding between atoms of a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist in the molecule.
Resonance
the bonding in molecules or ions that cannot be correctly represented by a single Lewis structure
polyatomic ion
a group of covalnety bonded atoms that has collectively lost or gained one or more electron
a double covalent bond
two atoms share two pairs of electrons
a sinlge bond
the primary bond between two elements
a triple bond
a covalent bond in which two atoms share three pairs of electrons
shorter bonds are
generally stronger (have higher bond energies) than longer bonds.
Understand that when drawing Lewis dot structures, RULES:
Hydrogen only makes one bond (two electrons total around the hydrogen atom)
Beryllium only makes two bonds (four electrons total around the beryllium atom)
Boron and aluminum only make three bonds (six electrons total around either atom)
Nonmetals in the third row and below can have an expanded shell with ten or twelve electrons because of unoccupied d subshells in the atom but frequently have just eight electrons around them
Carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine always have a total of eight electrons around them.
some molecules cannot be represented by a single Lewis structure and are referred to as resonance structures
O3
Why does nature favor the formation of chemical bonds?
Nature favors chemical bonding because most atoms have lower potential energy when they are bonded to other atoms than they have as they are independent particles
Do you expect sodium to have the same Lewis structureas lithium? Why or why not?
Yes they both have one valence electron
Bond length between two bonded atoms is
the separation at which their potential energy is minimum.
If two covalently bonded atoms move closer than a distance of the bond length, the potential energy of the atoms
increases
valance electrons
The electrons involved in the formation of a covalent bond
To draw a Lewis structure, it is not necessary to know
the length of the bonds.
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