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BIO 370 Exam 1 Multiple Choice

Terms in this set (30)

1. ___ can be modified by phosphorylation.

(a) Glutamic acid
(b) Arginine
(c) Tyrosine
(d) Tryptophan
(c) Tyrosine
2. ___ brings RNA polymerase II to the promoter to help assemble the pre-initiation complex (PIC) in eukaryotes.

(a) TFIIF
(b) TFIIB
(c) TFIID
(D) sigma factor
(a) TFIIF
3. You have discovered an "Exo(-)" mutant form of DNA polymerase in which the 3′-to-5′ exonuclease activity is destroyed but the ability to join nucleotides together is not affected. Which of the following properties do you expect the mutant polymerase to have?

(a) It will polymerize in both the 5′-to-3′ direction and the 3′-to-5′ direction.
(b) It will fall off the template more frequently than the normal polymerase.
(c) It will be more likely to generate mismatched base pairs.
(c) It will be more likely to generate mismatched base pairs.
4. Even though DNA polymerase has a proofreading function, it still introduces errors in the newly synthesized strand at a rate of 1 per 107 nucleotides. To what degree does the mismatch repair system decrease the error rate arising from DNA replication?

(a) 2-fold
(b) 5-fold
(c) 100-fold
(c) 100-fold
5. ___ is a hydrophobic amino acid.

(a) Tyrosine
(b) Lysine
(c) Glutamine
(d) Phenylalanine
(d) Phenylalanine
6. Mad cow disease is caused by the ______ of prion proteins.

(a) mutation
(b) deletion
(c) misfolding
(d) degradation
(c) misfolding
7. SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes the current COVID-19 pandemic, carries ___ as the viral genome.

(a) a double stranded DNA molecule
(b) a single-stranded DNA molecule
(c) a double-stranded RNA molecule
(d) a single-stranded RNA molecule
(d) a single-stranded RNA molecule
8. Deamination converts a cytosine to _____.

(a) adenine
(b) guanine
(c) thymine
(d) uracil
(d) uracil
9. ___ is a unique protein that is essential to the replication of the viral genome of the SARS-CoV-2.

(a) RNA polymerase II
(b) DNA polymerase
(c) Reverse transcriptase
(d) RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
(d) RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
10. The basic mechanism of DNA repair involves __________.

(a) excision
(b) resynthesis
(c) ligation
(d) all of the above
(d) all of the above
11. _____ allows rapid but imperfect repair of DNA double-strand breaks.

(a) Homologous recombination
(b) Non-homologous end-joining
(c) Transcription
(d) Translation
(b) Non-homologous end-joining
12. The proof-reading activity of DNA polymerase is a _________.

(a) 5' to 3' synthase
(b) 5' to 3' nuclease
(c) 3' to 5' nuclease
(d) 3' to 5' synthase
(c) 3' to 5' nuclease
13. Sickle-cell anemia is caused by ____ in the human b-globin gene.

(a) deletion
(b) duplication
(C) a single nucleotide substitution
(C) a single nucleotide substitution
14. Lysozyme cleaves __________.

(a) DNA
(b) RNA
(c) polysaccharide
(d) lipid
(c) polysaccharide
15. The ___ of DNA must be made initially as a series of Okazaki fragments during DNA replication.

(a) leading strand
(b) lagging strand
(b) lagging strand
16. DNA mismatch repair enzymes preferentially repair bases of _________.

(a) the newly synthesized DNA strand
(b) the parental strand
(a) the newly synthesized DNA strand
17. ___________ is responsible for transcribing the tRNA-encoding genes in eukaryotes.

(a) RNA polymerase I
(b) RNA polymerase II
(c) RNA polymerase III
(c) RNA polymerase III
18. DNA polymerase catalyzes the addition of nucleotides to the free ______ on the growing DNA strand.

(a) 5' phosphate group
(b) 3' hydroxyl group
(c) 2' hydroxyl group
(b) 3' hydroxyl group
19. _____ catalyzes the addition of phosphate groups to molecules.

(a) Kinase
(b) Nuclease
(C) Polymerase
(a) Kinase
20. During RNA splicing, the branch point ___ in the intron attacks the 5' splice site and cuts the sugar-phosphate backbone of the RNA.

(a) adenine
(b) cytosine
(c) uracil
(d) guanine
(a) adenine
21. ____ prevents linear eukaryotic chromosome from shortening with each round of cell division.

(a) Telomerase
(b) Spliceosome
(c) Ribosome
(d) Lysozyme
(a) Telomerase
22. The antibiotic _____ blocks the translocation reaction on ribosome to inhibit protein synthesis.

(a) Cycloheximide
(b) Tetracycline
(c) Chloramphenicol
(a) Cycloheximide
23. ___ is a ribozyme.

(a) TATA Box binding protein (TBP)
(b) Lysozyme
(c) RNA polymerase II
(d) Ribosome
(d) Ribosome
24. _____ couples each tRNA to the correct amino acid.

(a) RNA polymerase
(b) DNA polymerase
(c) Amino acid tRNA synthetase
(d) Ribosome
(c) Amino acid tRNA synthetase
25. ___ can guide the folding of a newly synthesized protein.

(a) DNA polymerase
(b) RNA polymerase
(c) Nuclease
(d) Chaperone protein
(d) Chaperone protein
26. Protein phosphorylation always turns on the activity of a protein.

(a) True
(b) False
(b) False
27. ___ contains a kinase activity that phosphorylates the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II and triggers the initiation of mRNA synthesis.

(a) TBP
(b) TFIIB
(c) TFIIF
(d) TFIIH
(d) TFIIH
28. TBP (TATA box binding protein) binds to the ____ groove of DNA.

(a) major
(b) minor
(b) minor
29. ____ is thought to predate ___ in evolution.

(a) RNA; DNA
(b) DNA; RNA
(a) RNA; DNA
30. ___ is a stop codon.

(a) AUG
(b) UGA
(c) UGG
(d) UGC
(b) UGA
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