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Bio exam 4

Terms in this set (20)

Artificial selection is
human-directed selective breeding.
DDT was once considered a "silver bullet" that would permanently eradicate insect pests. Instead, today DDT is largely useless against many insects. Which of the following should have occurred for this pest eradication effort to be successful in the long run?
None of the individual insects should have possessed genomes that made them resistant to DDT.
Which of the following must exist in a population before natural selection can act upon that population?
genetic variation among individuals
A shared ancestral character is
a character that originated in an ancestor of the taxon
Some molecular data place the giant panda in the bear family (Ursidae) but place the lesser panda in the raccoon family (Procyonidae). Consequently, the morphological similarities of these two species are probably due to
possession of analogous structures.
Linnaeus was a "fixist" who believed that species remained fixed in the form in which they had been created. Linnaeus would have been uncomfortable with
phylogenies
How does phylogeny differ from systematics?
in the classification of organisms by evolutionary history
What is the founder effect?
when a few individuals become isolated from a larger population, and their gene pool differs from that source population
In evolution, which driving factor most consistently requires a small population as a precondition for its occurrence?
genetic drift
Which of the following is a true statement concerning genetic variation?
It must be present in a population before natural selection can act upon the population.
Which of these phrases describes a stable hybrid zone?
continued production of hybrid individuals
You are confronted with a box of preserved grasshoppers of various species that are new to science and have not been described. Your assignment is to separate them into species. There is no accompanying information as to where or when they were collected. Which species concept will you have to use?
morphological
The origin of a new plant species by hybridization, coupled with accidents during cell division, is an example of
sympatric speciation.
Rocky Mountain juniper (Juniperus scopulorum) and one-seeded juniper (J. monosperma) have overlapping ranges. If pollen grains (which contain sperm cells) from one species are unable to germinate and make pollen tubes on female ovules (which contain egg cells) of the other species, then which of these terms are applicable?
sympatric species
prezygotic isolation
postzygotic isolation
allopatric species
habitat isolation
reduced hybrid fertility
1 and 2
Which of the following statements about species, as defined by the biological species concept, is (are) correct?
I. Biological species are defined by reproductive isolation.
II. Biological species are the models used for grouping extinct forms of life.
III. The biological species is the largest unit of population in which successful interbreeding is possible.
I and III
After geographic separation, what process would be the last step before reproductive isolation?
natural selection
A change in the nucleotide sequence of a gene effects function of that gene
in cells that express that gene.
What is thought to be the correct sequence of these events, from earliest to most recent, in the evolution of life on Earth?
1. origin of mitochondria
2.origin of multicellular eukaryotes
3.origin of chloroplasts
4.origin of cyanobacteria
5.origin of fungal-plant symbioses
4, 1, 3, 2, 5
Multicellular colonies of plant cells adhere to each other primarily by ________, whereas multicellular colonies of animal cells are typically held together by ________.
cell walls; proteins
The chloroplasts of land plants are thought to have been derived according to which evolutionary sequence?
cyanobacteria → green algae → land plants
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