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ch 4: climate change

Terms in this set (33)

_____ - places where compounds with carbon atoms are found
reservoirs
t/f: the atmosphere, carbonate-containing rocks, plants and animals are all examples of reservoirs
true
when naming ionic compounds (anion/cation) is first and (anion/cation) is second
cation first; anion second
_____ _____ - 2 or more atoms covalently bonded together with an overall charge of + or -
polyatomic ions
name some polyatomic ions
acetate, C2H3O2-
carbonate, CO3 2-
hydroxide, OH-
ammonium, NH4+
what are 3 processes that move carbon atoms from one reservoir to another?
1. combustion
2. photosynthesis
3. sedimentation
_____ - when a solid of gas dissolved in a liquid, this is formed
solution
_____ - the substance being dissolved
solute
_____ - substance that does the dissolving
solvent
_____ - the process of a gas escaping from a liquid or solid
degasification
_____ - when a solid "falls" out of solution
precipitation
(carbon-12, carbon-13, carbon-14) is the isotope that makes up 98.90% of all carbon atoms
carbon-12
(85/31)% of radiation received from the sun is reflected
31%
what percent of radiation from the sun is absorbed?
69%
_____ _____ - natural process by which atmospheric gases trap a major portion of infrared radiation radiated by earth
greenhouse effect
_____ _____ (GHG) - gases capable of absorbing and emitting infrared radiation, warming the atmosphere
greenhouse gases
what are 5 GHGs found in the atmosphere? Which is the most abundant?
1. water vapor - most abundant
2. methane
3. ozone
4. nitrous oxide
5. CFCs
_____ _____ - term that described the increase in avg global temperature that results from enhanced greenhouse effect
global warming
_____ - influences due to human activities such as industry, transportation, mining and agriculture
anthropogenic
_____ - a measure of an atom's ability to attract bonded electrons
electronegativity
_____ - describes temperature, humidity, rain, wind and snow over decades
climate
_____ - includes daily temperature and weather occurrences all of which have relatively short durations
weather
CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere have significantly (increased/decreased)
increased
data about the atmosphere from back in time come from _____ _____ samples
ice core
_____ _____ - combustible substances derived from prehistoric organism remnants
fossil fuels
what are 3 common fossil fuels?
1. coal
2. petroleum
3. natural gas
_____ _____ - factors (natural and anthropogenic) that influence the balance of earth's incoming and outgoing radiation
radiative forcings
_____ - measure of reflectivity of a surface
albedo
_____ _____ - estimate of the amount of CO2 and other greenhouse gas, emissions in a given time frame, usually a year
carbon footprint
what are 7 side effects of climate change?
1. sea ice disappearance
2. sea level rise
3. extreme weather
4. change in ocean chemistry
5. loss of biodiversity
6. vulnerability of freshwater resources
7. human health issues
_____ _____ - any action to permanently eliminate or reduce long term risks and hazards of climate change to human life, property or the environment
climate mitigation
_____ _____ - ability of a system to adjust to climate change, to moderate potential damage, to take advantage of opportunities or to cope with the consequences
climate adaptation
_____ _____ - puts limits on GHG emissions, focus on CO2, CH4, NO, HFCs, PFCs and sulfur hexafluoride
kyoto protocol
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