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biology 292 lab practical 3

Terms in this set (107)

tidal volume
the volume of air breathed in and out without conscious effort
inspiratory reserve volume
additional volume of air that can be inhaled following normal inhalation
expiratory reserve volume
the additional volume of air that can be forcibly expelled after a normal exhalation
vital capacity
the total volume of air that can be exhaled after a forcible inhalation. VC=TV+IRV+ERV
residual volume
the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a forcible exhalation. given value= 1,200mL
total lung capacity
the total air capacity of the lungs. TLC= VC+RV
respiratory minute volume
the volume of air breathed in and out during normal breathing in 1 minute. TVxRespiratory Rate (breaths/ minute)= _______ (L/min)
oral cavity
contains the mouth
tongue
secretes lingual lipase, breaks down lipis, forms ball of food
teeth
primarily used for chewing food
incisors
trimming, cutting food, clipping
cuspids
tearing food apart
premolars
4 top/ 4 bottom, crush, mash, grinds food
molars
crushing, grinding towards the back
oropharynx
connects the mouth to throat to esophagus
salviary glands
aids in digestion
parotid
secretes mucous, salivary amilase, begins digestion of carbohydrates
submandibular
salivary amilase and lubricates for swallowing
sublingual
mucens as well
esophagus
passes through the abdomen into the stomach which is a means of transport from mouth
stomach
organ of digestion
fundus
rounded top corner
cardia
enter point of esophagus into stomach
body
the main part of the stomach
pylorus
where the stomach tapers
pyloric sphincter
ring of muscle, regulates movement of chyme from stomach to small intestine
greater curvature
longest outer layer of curve
lesser curvature
internal shorter curve
rugae
ridges inside stomach, mucuous cells, contains gastric pits
small intestine
carries out most of the digestive process by absorbing nutrients
duodenum
first part, receives chyme, acessory organs of digesrive system, empties here
jejunum
second part of the small intestine
ileum
third part of the small intestine
ileocecal valve
regulates transport of materials from small intestine to large intestine
large intestine
The last section of the digestive system, where water is absorbed from food and the remaining material is eliminated from the body
cecum
first part of the large intestine
ascending colon
the part of the large intestine that ascends from the cecum to the transverse colon
transverse colon
passes horizontally from right to left toward the spleen
descending colon
portion of the colon that extends downward from the transverse colon
sigmoid colon
an S-shaped structure that continues from the descending colon above and joins with the rectum below
liver
produces bile
hepatic duct
right and left, drains biles from each lobe of the liver
common bile duct
empties bile into the duodenum
hepatic portal vein
transports capillary beds in the liver from the small intestine
gallbladder
stores bile
cystic duct
carries bile to and from the gallbladder
pancreas
secretes digestive enzymes, alpha amilase, lipase, pepridase, nuclease
head
widest part
body
middle part
tail
tappered end
pancreatic duct
empties pancreatic enzymes into duodenum
rectum
goes from the sigmoid colon to here
anus
defaction occurs here, eliminated from body anything that is not absorbed
peritoneum
supports the abdominal organs
greater omentum
part of the mesentary, adipose tissue covers abdominal organs, protects
lesser omentum
section hangs between the liver and lesser curvature. keeps the organs in place.
oral cavity
secretes salivary glands; secretes saliva
esophagus
secretes mucous
stomach
secretes mucous and hydrochloric acid
small intestine
secretes mucous brush border enzymes, and water. 90% of all nutrients are absorbed here
large intestine
absorbs water and vitamins
liver
secretes biles, absorbs nutrients and toxic things, stores excess
pancreas
secretes digestive enzymes
gallbladder
secretes bile produced in the liver
kidneys
act as a filter to get rid of waste/ toxic substances
renal capsle
outer surface of each kidney; provides protection
ureter
carries urine from kidney to the bladder
urinary bladder
walls expand and relax to store urine
urethra
allows urine to exit the body
hilum
where blood vessels and nerves enter and exit the kidney
renal cortex
receives most of the blood flow; reabsorbs filtered material
renal medulla
regualtes the concentration of the urine
renal columns
where renal arteries and veins travel
renal pyramids
passage to carry urine to calyz through papilla
renal papilla
empties into minor calyx; start of the urine flow
minor calyx
urine collects here from papilla towards the major calyx
major calyx
flows urine from the minor calyx to renal pelvis
renal pelvis
connects the kidney to the rest of the body
nephron
found in the cortex- ureter functional unit of kidney; keeps what the body needs
corticol nephron
different shape of juxtamedullary nephron; concentrates urine
juxtamedullary nephron
you can't see this type of nephron; concentrates the urine
renal corpusle
main filtration point
glomerular capsle
stores filtrates and transfers
glomerulus
filters the blood
renal tubule
collection of tubes; deals with filtrate
PCT
receives filtrate
nephron loop
dips in medulla; water absorption
DCT
absorption tapers off
other duct work
transports waste fluid
collecting duct
waste collects here
papillary duct
initial flow of urine begins
scrotum
covers and protects the testis
testicle
male gonad; produces sperm; secretes androgens
epididymis
sperm is s tored here; undergoes further maturation
ductus deferens
transports sperm to end of this tube
seminal gland
helps sperm survive, produces majority of fluid for the semen
prostate gland
25% of semen comes from here
corpus spongiosum
lots of elastic fibers; erectile tissue that surrounds the urethra
corpus cavernosum
erectile tissue that surrounds the penis/ central arteries
penis
helps transport the sperm into the females reproductive system
bulbourethral glands
secretes a thick alkaline fluid prior to ejaculation
ovary
female gonad; produces oocytes; secrete estrogen
uterine tube
site of fertilization; surrounded. by smooth muscle/ lined with cilia; helps transport oocyte
uterus
expells fetus during child birth; responsible for protecting/ nourishing and removes waste
cervix
surrounds the opening that leads to the uteran cavity
vagina
passage. way for the elimination of menstral fluids
clitoris
plays a major role in female sexual response
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