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Health promotion final

Terms in this set (68)

health education
the providing of accurate health information to help people make healthy choices
health promotion
the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health
disease prevention
the process of reducing risks and alleviating disease to promote, preserve, and restore health and minimize suffering and distress
Wellness
an approach to health that focuses on balancing the many aspects, or dimensions, of a person's life through increasing the adoption of health enhancing conditions and behaviors rather than attempting to minimize conditions of illness
community health
the health status of a defined group of people and the actions and conditions to promote, protect, and preserve their health
public health
the science and the art of protecting and improving the health of communities through education, promotion of healthy lifestyles, and research for disease and injury prevention
Global Health
health problems, issues, and concerns that transcend national boundaries and are beyond the control of individual nations, and are best addressed by cooperative actions and solutions
population health
the health status of people who are not organized and have no identity as a group or locality and the actions and conditions to promote, protect, and preserve their health
health education specialist
an individual who has met, at a minimum, baccalaureate-level required health education academic preparation qualifications, who serves in a variety of settings, and is able to use appropriate educational strategies and methods to facilitate the development of policies, procedures, interventions, and systems conducive to the health of individuals, groups, and communities
philosophy
statement summarizing the attitudes, principle, beliefs, values, and concepts held by an individual or group
holistic
the mind and body distinction disappears, yielding a whole unified being
symmetry
health has physical, emotional, spiritual, and social components, each one as important as the other
behavior change philosophy
focuses on modifying unhealthy habits
cognitive-based philosophy
focuses on the acquisition of content and factual information
decision-making philosophy
emphasizes critical thinking & lifelong learning
freeing/functioning philosophy
focuses on freeing people to make best health decision for them based on their needs and interests- not necessarily for society
social change philosophy
emphasizes creating social, economic, & political change that benefits health of individuals & groups
theory
a set of interrelated concepts, definitions, and propositions that present a systematic view of events or situations by specifying relations among variables in order to explain and predict the events of the situations
concept
primary elements of theories ex.control
construct
a concept developed, created, or adopted for use with a specific theory; Example: Perceived Behavioral Control
Variable
the operational (practical use) form of a construct/ how a construct will be measured
- On a scale of 1-5 with 1 representing no control and 5 representing totally in control
Model
is a composite, a mixture of ideas or concepts taken from any number of theories and used together
continuum theories
use an approach that identifies variables that influence action & combines them into a prediction equation (e.g., HBM, TPB)
stage theories
are comprised of an ordered set of categories into which people can be classified, & which identifies factors that could induce movement from one category to the next (e.g., TTM, PAPM)
Health Belief Model (HBM)
model for explaining how beliefs may influence behaviors
HBM constructs
perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, self-efficacy
Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)
a theory that predicts health behavior on the basis of three factors: personal attitude toward the behavior, the subjective norm regarding the behavior, and perceived degree of control over the behavior
TPB constructs
Behavior, Intention, Attitude toward behavior, Normative belief, Behavioral beliefs, Perceived behavioral control, control beliefs, and perceived power
Transtheoretical Model (TTM)
a model dealing with change that occurs in stages and over time. use to classify people by stage of readiness
TTM is used for
repetitive behavior Smoking, exercising, eating right
TTM Stages of Change
Precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance
Precaution Adoption Process Model (PAPM)
explains how people come to the decision to take action, & how they translate that decision to action; Most useful when a deliberate action is required, e.g., screening or immunization
PAPM stages
unaware of issue
unengaged by issue
deciding about acting
decision not to act
decision to act
acting
maintenance
social cognitive theory (SCT)
referring to the use of cognitive processes in relation to understanding the social world
SCT constructs
reciprocal determinism
environment
observational learning
behavioral capability
reinforcement
outcome expectations/expectancies
self-efficacy
self-control of performance
managing emotional arousal
Diffusion of Innovation Theory
a theory that identifies stages of dissemination and types of adopters of new technology and other changes, including behavioral change
Diffusion of Innovation Theory consist of
innovators, early adopters, early majority, late majority, laggards
Community Readiness Model
a stage theory for communities.
Community Readiness Model 9 stages
1)no awareness
2)denial and resistance
3)vague awareness
4)preplanning
5)preparation
6)initiation
7)stabilization
8)confirmation and expansion
9)professional
Interpersonal
between people (usually describing social activities)
Intrapersonal
Relates to independent action
major constructs of Social Capital Theory
Networks
Relationship
Social capital theory relationships
Bonding Social Capital
Bridging Social Capital
Linking Social Capital
Linking Social Capital
Norms of respect and trusting relationships, between people across power or authority gradients representing formal institutions
Bridging Social Capital
Networks of people who come together as acquaintances to engage in an activity with mutually beneficial outcomes
Bonding Social Capital
Relationships between people who see themselves as being similar in terms of their shared social identity
Ethics
the principles of right and wrong that guide an individual in making decisions
Professional Ethics
actions that are right and wrong in the workplace and are of public matter. Professional moral principles are not statements of taste or preference; they tell practitioners what they ought to do and what they ought not do
Justice
just in distributing goodness & badness; subdivided into two area
Beneficence and Nonmaleficence
Treat people in ways that benefit them. Do not cause suffering. Conduct research that will benefit society.
honesty
the heart of any moral relationship is communication; telling the truth
Individual freedom; autonomy
people must have the freedom to choose their own way of being ethical within the framework of the other principles
credentials
Process whereby an individual or a professional preparation program meets the specified standards established by the credentialing body, and is thus recognized for having done so
Certification
Professional organization grants recognition to an individual who, upon completion of a competency-based curriculum, can demonstrate a predetermined standard of performance
Licensure
Agency or government grants permission to individuals to practice a given profession by certifying that those licensed have attained specific standards of competence
Accreditation
Recognized professional body evaluates a professional preparation program
four major settings in which health education specialists are employed
Schools, Health care, Public/community health, Worksites
governmental health agency
funded primarily with tax dollars, managed by government employees, & exist at several different levels
quasi-governmental health agency
have characteristics of governmental and non-governmental agencies, e.g., ARC
nongovernmental health agency
voluntary health agencies, - fund research, provide education, provide service, advocate for change
four primary activities of most voluntary health agencies
Raise money to fund research
Education
Provide services to individuals & families
Advocate
purpose of a professional association/organization
promote the high standards of professional practice for their respective professions, thereby improving the health of society by improving the people in the profession
National Commission for Health Education Credentialing, Inc
- Organization responsible for the individual credentialing of health education specialist
- NO members
- Mission is to enhance professional practice of health education by promoting and sustaining a credentialed body of health education specialists
Primary sources
written by the person who actually conducted the experiments or observed the events, e.g., refereed or peer-reviewed journal articles (some now in electronic format and known as "open access" journals), legislative records, & minutes of meeting
secondary source
written by someone who was not present or did not participate as part of the study team, e.g., journal review articles, editorials, non-eyewitness accounts
Teritary Source
information that has been distilled & collected from primary & secondary sources; includes facts, e.g., handbooks, pamphlets, fact books, dictionaries
Popular press
written for the general public's consumption; may include primary or secondary sources; hard to check credibility, e.g., weekly summary-type magazines, monthly magazines, tabloids
CRAAP
C - currency
R - relevance
A - authority
A - accuracy
P - purpose
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