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8th grade science eog vocab

Terms in this set (218)

Common example of non-point pollution

Dissolved Oxygen

Oxygen needed by aquatic organisms, important gas in the ocean for marine life, cold water holds more

Word for WATER, mainly when discussing food webs

Word for an OCEAN ecosystem

Word for a LAND ecosystem or food web

Species that depends on specific conditions to survive; trout, fish, insects

All the water on Earth and in the water cycle

Percent of Earth's water volume that is SALTY

Percent of Earth's water volume that is FRESH

Means metals can be rolled or pounded into thin sheets

Good examples of malleability

2 pure substances that are compounds and occur naturally

Individual Susceptability

Explains why some people get diseases and others don't, even if they are exposed to the same things

Law of Conservation of Matter/Mass

Mass of Reactants = Mass of Products

# of atoms in Reactants = # of atoms in Products

Characteristic Properties

Density, Melting Point, Boiling Point

Continental Drift

Theory that is the basis for geologic evolution, explains how continents drifted to present locations

Satellites/Remote Sensing

Good to track volcanic ash, monitor temperature changes in ocean, check how much shoreline eroded after a hurricane, or see things from above

Global Cooling that Blocked Sunlight after asteroid impact

Most probable theory of why dinosaurs became extinct

Surrounds organelles/jelly-like substance

Treatment for virus or bacteria/ACTIVE immunity

Measles is a ____________.

Medicine that only treats bacterial disease. It DOES NOT help a virus b/c a virus is not alive!

Infects a host organism and destroys host cell and is LIVING.

NOT ALIVE but infects a host cell, injects bad DNA and RNA into host cell, and destroys the cell or makes it produce more bad cells

When water molecules stick to each other. Causes water to form droplets on windows.

When water molecules stick to something else. Causes water to stick to the side of a straw, or causes a meniscus to form in a graduated cylinder b/c water sticks to sides.

Opposite charges at each end. Causes water to be a good solvent.

Universal Solvent

Water is the _________ meaning it can dissolve many substances.

Caused by high levels of Calcium and Magnesium in water

Sprayed on crops to increase nutrients and crop yield

Man-made chemicals including plastic, nylon, aspirin, and other medications

poor conductors, dull, non ductile, non malleable, found to right of zigzag on periodic table

good conductors, low specific heat, high boiling points, high melting points, malleable, found to left of zigzag on periodic table

Metalloid used in computer chips

Amount of energy needed to heat up a substance. Water has a HIGH one, which means it heats slowly. Metals have LOW ones, which means they heat up fast!

Boiling point of water, no matter how much there is

Freezing point of water

Geologic Time Scale

correlates existence of life on earth with geologic events, divided into eras

Fossils and common ancestors provide evidence for biological _________, which means change over time.

Have cell walls and chlorplasts, which animals cells do not have

Way a paramecium moves

Way a euglena moves

Way an amoeba moves

Moves in a colony, but has flagella

Frozen in Glaciers and Ice Caps

Majority of Earth's freshwater, 2% is here

Where most people in North Carolina get their drinking water

Vertical columns on periodic table, go up and down, properties are similar

Physical Change

does not change identity; Examples are boiling, melting, freezing, dissolving, breaking, cutting

Chemical Change

changes identity of substance; Examples are rusting, burning, rotting, reacting, digesting, forming a precipitate, food molding

Extra of this gas in the atmosphere leads to global warming

Mid-Ocean Ridges/Mid-Atlantic Ridge

Form at a divergent boundary where the seafloor spreads or separates

Where fresh and salt water mix, good nursery or breeding ground

Fancy word for volcanic rock

Good index fossil, three-lobed ancient sea creature, kind of looks like a horseshoe crab

Any organism that causes disease

Insect that spreads a disease, like a tick or mosquito

Spreads Lyme disease

Spreads malaria

Intertidal Zone

Ocean zone exposed to both air and water, near the beach

Combination of biology and technology. Examples are cloning, genetic engineering, disease-resistant plants, better tasting food, medicines

Example of biotechnology that causes the most ethical debate (question about if it's right or wrong)

Antibiotic Resistance

overuse of antibiotics so much that they become ineffective

Tells the # of protons in an atom

Diffusion of water across a cell membrane

Center of an atom, contains protons and neutrons, positively charged

In a cell, control center and contains DNA or hereditary material

Ground Truthing

Used to verify map data or satellite images, going to the actual place

Organelle that produces energy in the form of ATP, powerhouse, muscles cells have more!

Digestion Center in cell. Remember, once you digest food, you might need Lysol!

Cell Division. Nucleus divides and produces exact copy

Division of sex cells. Daughter cells, egg and sperm, end up with HALF the original number of chromosomes.

Pollution that often comes from golf course runoff

Measure of acid/base level in water

1-6 on pH scale

8-14 on pH scale

Sprayed on crops to kill insects, wash fruits and vegetables to reduce exposure

Any chemical that causes cancer

pesticide that caused cancer, now removed from use, caused egg shells to break b/c they were too weak

how clear or cloudy water is, filtration helps reduce it

upward force that water exerts on an object, may determine if it will float/sink, water displacement

Mass/Volume, determines whether something will float or sink

Density of pure water

Topographic Map

Map that shows elevation; used to map out a hike or a road uphill

Cities spreading out

Missing rock layer or gap in rock layer; often caused by erosion or nondeposition

changes DNA; leads to cancer and birth defects

Natural Selection

Those with the best adaptations survive and reproduce, which cause populations to evolve over time; Theory proposed by Charles Darwin

proposed theory of natural selection

In an undisturbed sequence of rock layers, oldest on bottom, youngest on top

used to measure water depth, bouncing sound waves off bottom of ocean

Intertidal Zone

zone of ocean exposed to both air and water, near the shore

most reactive group on periodic table

Group 18, elements that never react

Property that wiring needs, so it can conduct electric current

ability of a substance to dissolve in water

Heat EXITS a chemical reaction

Heat ENTERS a chemical reaction

Something, like waste, EXITS a cell

Something, like food, ENTERS a cell

proposed version of a new technology to be tested

discovery of knowledge

application of knowledge

plate boundaries COLLIDE, forming mountains

plate boundaries DIVIDE, DIVERGE, or MOVE APART, forming valleys or areas of seafloor spreading

plate boundaries slip back and forth past each other, causing earthquakes

time it takes for a radioactive element to decay

Earth's crust and upper mantle, make up the plates

Earth's lower mantle, what the plates move on b/c of convection currents

4.6 billion years

Amount of Earth's history that geologists study

Traps atmospheric dust in ice

Point Pollution

comes from a single, identifiable source

caused by a woman drinking alcohol while pregnant

leading cause of death in the US, occurs when arteries are narrowed or blocked

person has difficulty breathing, affected by aerosol sprays

person may have to take insulin for blood sugar levels

amount of medicine given to one individual

How powerful a chemical is

How long an individual is exposed to a chemical

unexpected effect of taking a new drug

Green pigment that allows plants to undergo photosynthesis

1. All living things are composed of cells.
2. A cell is the basic unit of structure and function.
3. All cells come from preexisting cells.

Virus and parasites infect this type of cell

may transmit a disease without showing any signs itself

area of biotechnology that is a big ethical debate

characteristic of the cell membrane, meaning it lets SOME things in and keeps others out

world's smallest cells

The majority of all elements on the periodic table are...

Environmental Stewardship

doing something positive for the environment, like picking up trash or recycling

most likely responsible for formation of cancer cells

measures precipitation amounts

Humans live in this Era

Dinosaurs lived in this era

Spiral Bacteria

Spherical or Round Bacteria

Rod-Shaped Bacteria

Eon-Era-Period-Epoch

Geologic Time divisions from largest to smallest

Cell-Tissue-Organ-Organ System-Organism

Organization of Life from smallest to largest

LOW specific heat, HIGH melting point

2 reasons metals are good to make pots and pans with

If an aluminum can is crushed, what property changes?

If there are 2 reactants, and one has a mass of 20 grams, and the other has a mass of 40 grams, what is the mass of the product?

Mechanical and Chemical Weathering

Explains how mountain ranges are worn down over time

Someone in the pharmaceutical (making medicines!) industry needs training in this area

Economic Tradeoff

When you trade a resource you need for money (money has to do with the economy!)

Surface Tension

Explains why insects can walk across a lake's surface

This Secchi disk is lowered into water to see when it disappears, which measures the ________ level.

What measuring device would a scientist use to measure the acidity of lake water?

Metric Unit for volume

Metric Unit for Mass

Organisms that live on the bottom of the ocean

Matter that forms when two or more elements combine CHEMICALLY

Contour lines that are close together indicate this type of terrain

Contour lines that are far apart indicate this type of terrain

Positive atomic particle, in atom's nucleus

Neutral atomic particle, in atom's nucleus

Negative atomic particle, around the outside of nucleus

E.R. (Endoplasmic Reticulum)

organelle that does TRANSPORT in a cell

Fossil that only lived a short period of time, used to determine ages of rock layers

variable the scientist changes to test (I change it)

variable measured after experiment to see if independent variable made a difference

more than one cell

on the LEFT side of a chemical equation, what you START with (here, Na and Cl)

on the RIGHT side of a chemical equation, what is PRODUCED (here, NaCl)

Educated Guess in a science experiment

Protein Synthesis happens in this cell organelle (all the black dots)

Valence Electrons

outer level electrons

Charged Atom that has already gained or lost electrons, so electrons don't match the atomic #

# of valence electrons to be considered a FULL outer level, except for H and He, which are full with only 2

Solute and Solvent

In a saltwater solution, salt is the _________ and water is the __________.

Cellular Respiration

opposite of photosynthesis, cells use oxygen to make energy from food, happens in mitochondria

movement from high concentration to low concentration

Organelle in cell that stores food and water

ability to resist an infectious disease

Infectious Disease

disease caused by pathogen that can be spread from one individual to another

Noninfectious Disease

disease that cannot be spread from one person to another

Smallest unit of a pure substance

body of rock or sediment that stores water, and allows it to flow, underground

one large supercontinent

Graduated Cylinder

Tool that measures liquid volume

Death of every member of a species

Volvox and Euglena

2 protists that are both plant-like and animal-like

If an object has a lower density than 1 g/mL, it will _________ in water.

If an object has a greater density than 1 g/mL, it will ________ in water.

The common cold is a _________.

type of rock you'd commonly find fossils in, made of compacted sediments

Most of Earth's freshwater is in this STATE of Matter

Vector that spreads West Nile Virus

Continental Shelf or Intertidal Zone

Most likely location for an upwelling

In a balloon, what increases if you heat up the gas inside the balloon?

Bird that would likely be a part of both a terrestrial and aquatic food web

Area of land that drains all the rainwater into the ocean

Asbestos leads to what type of cancer?

Someone who uses smokeless tobacco or dip would get what type of cancer?

Someone who smokes cigarettes would get what type of cancer?

A disease that affects the liver

Chemical Weathering

If acid rain falls on a marble statue and causes it to bubble or fizz, what is this an example of?

goes up and down (vertical) on the periodic table

goes sideways or across (horizontal) on the periodic table

To find a dull or brittle element on the periodic table, look in this section

To find a shiny and conductive element on the periodic table, look in this section

The place where a river begins, usually up in the mountains

word that describes part of a river when it widens out and empties into the ocean

Where does MOST evaporation in the water cycle happen? Think of where most the Earth's water (97%) actually IS!

Ribosomes - Key Word

Mitochondria - Key Word

Nucleus - Key Words

Vacuole - Key Word

Lysosome - Key Word

Has an eyespot and cholorplasts, moves with a flagella. This protist is both plant and animal like.

Moves with cilia and eats with an oral groove. This protist is animal-like.

Moves with a pseudopod and eats using endocytosis. This protist is animal-like.

Red color feature than a Euglena uses to detect light

If any pollution, such as DDT, enters a food chain, where would the highest concentration end up?

What animal is at the top of this food chain?

Which fish would MOST IMMEDIATELY decline if the mackerel became extinct?

Producer at the base of a marine food chain

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