used as a wine mixing bowl but also a funeral, because it depicts a funeral on it
geometric motifs: meander pattern on top - lots of straight lines and right angles. lots of straight lines down the on the bottom in a zigzag pattern.
the top register does not continue of human art all the way around but the bottom register of soldiers and chariots covers the whole bottom register, but the top register that depicts the funeral is on one side only, on the back is geometric design - order and dependability of math over chaoticness of nature.
top register is a funeral and the bottom is war. the checkerboard cloth is covering a man on a pyre, surrounded by family members. there is a woman seated next to the pyre with a child and two children on the pyre trying to reconnect with their father. - tight family relationship
animals underneath will be sacrified and offered to the gods during the funeral. the other symbols are filler,
horror vacui - fear of empty space, anything empty is filled with symbols.
on either side there are lots of people who are pulling out their hair - devastated about the death of this man/grief. triangular torsos, rectangular arms, circle heads with big eyes.
mans greatest success in life was the war he fought. figure 8 style shield, big chariots, power.
greek art shows the human body with math overlayed and other things in art are accompanied with geometric concern.
gender markers are there but they are not taking away from the geometry of the body, the most important aspect. greek adopted the egyptian idea should be depicted with dark skin - getting a dark tan because they were outside working, women with white skin showing that she stayed inside protected.
but although she is a woman she is an enemy and should be killed.
although there are multiple great time heroes that are celebrated for their duties, sometimes they do horrific things - like Achilles killing the Amazons - warrior women who are wild, she is wearing an animal skin, connection between women and natural world, they must be tamed or killed.
she is the queen of the Amazons, Achilles job is to kill her and he does. right before he kills her, they lock eyes and they fall in love - he sees her as a women and not an enemy. he is left to question if that action was heroic.
she isn't collasping, her knee is still raised, she still has power, this is admirable. she is being shown in the same power as Achilles.
horror vacui is present.
floral and oriental pattern, and geometrics on the bottom.
height of moment and violence like the symbol of archaic period. depicts Persian Wars, the soldiers on the battlefield contemplating their possible death. Gods look humble and are fighting with the Greeks - expecting a bad outcome.
Side A; slaughter of the Niobids
Side B: morning of the Battle of Marathon
wine mixing bowl
showing off sophisticated to your friends
side a: greek myth where Niobe has 14 kids, 7 sons and 7 daughters "she is a better mother than Leito" goddess who only had 2 children: Apollo, god of the Sun. Apollo's twin Artemus who is the goddess of virgins and protector.
hubris: arrongance, tempting fate and insulting gods
nemesis: Leito's two kids come down to defend her honor, killing the children of Niobe
greek don't like depicting nature, but it makes the artwork awkward because it is very artificial
side b: counter example of hubris
two greek soldiers sitting there, before they have to go fight, wondering what is going to happen to them
Herakles and Ares, Athena but not cheering them on, everyone is depressed because they do not know what the outcome will be
Marathon was a win for the Greeks but they don't show the conclusion but shows the darkness before the victory - inspiring future generations to bravery and going to fight for their glory pediment; top of temple
biggest and most important temple, jewel box of Athena
no perfect right angles and straight lines, they make the lines slightly curved to correct the optical distortion - if you look at it from a distance it looks perfectly straight
two rows of columns, their in the Doric Order, the masculine columns is order to celebrate her birth and virginity which put her in the male realm
loading on the art on her temple makes her more important
the pediment sculptures are most important, on the front of the back
blown up during the venetian italians and the ottoman empire which is why none of the pediments are on the temple
some were taken to england and others in athens
east pediment: athena's birth, she was born from the head of her father Zeus, she was born wearing armor ready to fight for war - it gave her this masculine affect; never married
west pediment: she competed with Poseidon over the control of Athens
(sculpture on exam slide) goddess Artemis or Hecate, she is running to tell the news to other gods
Persephone and Demeter are awaiting the news
Ares turns away from the news, was formerly the god of war before Athena was born, she takes over the role of god of good wars so Ares is stuck of being the god of bad wars
Helios is god of sunrise and his horses, the chariot of the sun is rising - cosmic importance, the moving of the universe copy of a painting
very limited color palette, white, yellow, brown, red, and black
damage of the mosaic is due to the earthquakes before the eruption of Mount Vesuvius at Pompeii
comes from Palace in Macedonia
shows the wars of Alexander the Great conquering the Persians
riding his horse, Buchephilis
Darius III fleeing in his chariot
Alexander tried to kill Darius many times but he always escapes
Alexander tries to throw a spear at Darius but a Persian soldier throws himself in front of it to save his king
Persian king is a bit cowardly, he is not driving the chariot and he is trying to reason with Alexander, he is pleading, he looks a bit frantic and scared but alexander does not care
the tree behind Alexander is dead, this is reflective of his legacy
Darius is shown above a horse's ass