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MIDTERM - LA 212

Terms in this set (51)

What were the political underpinnings at Stowe?

The design looked to the Golden Age of Rome for styles and symbolism
Its design symbolized war
It celebrated the current government in England at the time
The design looked to the Golden Age of Rome for styles and symbolism
What does the design of Vaux-le-Vicomte say about the owner and his sense of power?

The design was a gift for the king
He felt more powerful and wealthy than the king
The design is modest as he defers to the king
He felt more powerful and wealthy than the king
According to the reading, Repton's Red Books were named for _________________________.

their red morocco leather bindings
the red plants that he typically included
Mr. Red who bound the books
their red morocco leather bindings
According to the reading, Vaux-le-Vicomte opens up like a _________________________.

play in several acts.
book and tells a story.
music box and the spinning ballerina
play in several acts.
At Vaux-le-Vicomte and Versailles, how was nature controlled?

Andre Le Notre worked with the natural systems and allowed them to be in control.
Plants were clipped into geometric shapes, rivers were moved, and exotic plants brought in.
French formalism moved away from axial design to more curvilinear forms
Plants were clipped into geometric shapes, rivers were moved, and exotic plants brought in.
What are some modern influences from Capability Brown and Humphry Repton in modern parks?

Grass landscapes, groves of trees, serpentine ponds
Sustainable design techniques
A focus on hardscape and drought tolerant designs
Grass landscapes, groves of trees, serpentine ponds
What elements are typically found in an English Picturesque design?

Asymmetrical layouts that are non-historicist, adhering to modernism
Abstract use of plants and specimen trees
Axial layouts with parterres and geometrical water features
Serpentine paths, large lawns, bridges and lakes, groves of trees
Serpentine paths, large lawns, bridges and lakes, groves of trees
What were some innovations in J.C. Loudon's design of Derby Park?

He included hot water for tea, pavilions for shade or rain, and screened out the neighboring views
He added a dairy, strolling paths and an area to showcase sculpture He created a private park which allowed owners of nearby homes to enjoy personal privacy
He included hot water for tea, pavilions for shade or rain, and screened out the neighboring views
Which two technological advances by Joseph Paxton changed landscape design? (choose 2)

Lawnmower
Glasshouse design
Waterworks and fountains
Glasshouse design
Waterworks and fountains
Why did Andrew Jackson Downing focus on design for the middle class?

Both answers are correct
He believed that good taste in design was unrelated to wealth and class with good design a contribution in a patriotic way to the beautification of the U.S.
Up to this point, there were no real parks for the middle class to enjoy
Both answers are correct
What new ideas did J.C. Loudon add to landscape design, especially with regard to plants? Choose the 1 wrong answer.

Loudon embraced the layout of trees per Capability Brown's style
Loudon planted specimen trees and exotic (non-native) plants
Loudon's planting design used abstract geometric forms
Loudon coined the word gardenesque, a style that separated a designed "garden" from "nature"
Loudon embraced the layout of trees per Capability Brown's style
What elements at Joseph Paxton's Birkenhead Park are now common in American parks? Choose the 1 wrong answer.

Amusement parks
Lakes
Separation of pedestrian and vehicular circulation
Large meadows of grass
Amusement parks
How was Frederick Law Olmsted's campus design of Stanford University different from what the client, Leland Stanford, had asked?

Its design was similar to Harvard University as an example of academic architecture
Olmsted added many lawns to create a lush, though water-intensive, design that people appreciated at the time
The architectural and landscape design looked to regional models from other Mediterranean climates
The architectural and landscape design looked to regional models from other Mediterranean climates
What was an influence of Birkenhead Park on Central Park?

The design separated the carriages from pedestrians
Parterres created important focal points in the design
Lawn was limited to only small areas
The design separated the carriages from pedestrians
In the reading, in which project was Frederick Law Olmsted unable to inconspicuously hide the structure within the landscape?

Midway Plaisance
Bethesda Terrace
U.S. Capitol
U.S. Capitol
The Boston Park System included many innovations. One of them was ______________________.

Parkways that connected the larger parks
The separated parks were spread all over the Boston region
Its productive landscape provided food for the community
Parkways that connected the larger parks
In The Devil in the White City, while the Court of Honor or Grand Court was to be the architectural heart of the fair, the ______________________ were to constitute is landscape centerpiece.

Canals and lake edge
Grand Basin and Statue of the Republic
Central lagoon and Wooded Island
Central lagoon and Wooded Island
What was one influence from Capability Brown and Humphry Repton on Frederick Law Olmsted?

Designing an idealized natural landscape
Following a similar design layout for all projects
Making architecture a dominant feature in the landscape
Designing an idealized natural landscape
What innovative idea did Olmsted bring to George Vanderbilt regarding the development of his land at the Biltmore Estate?

Olmsted recommended an English picturesque landscape design around Vanderbilt's French-influenced home
Olmsted recommended making the site a Garden City for local workmen
Olmsted recommended restoring the forests such that American scientific forestry began at this site
Olmsted recommended restoring the forests such that American scientific forestry began at this site
According to the reading, the value of the community of Seneca Village was that: (choose 2 correct answers)

Its more rural landscape was an escape from the unhealthy conditions of crowded New York City
It allowed the residents to live autonomously and away from discrimination
Was gated as a private park for its residents
Its more rural landscape was an escape from the unhealthy conditions of crowded New York City
It allowed the residents to live autonomously and away from discrimination
According to the video on Seneca Village, the value of this 19th century community was both that it offered ___________________ and a __________________ (choose 2 answers).
right to vote for free Black men who owned land
an affordable, safe place to live
opportunities for the residents to help design the park
right to vote for free Black men who owned land
an affordable, safe place to live
How were Gertrude Jekyll and Lutyens' designs examples of Arts and Crafts ideas?

Their designs included local materials, vernacular architecture and the formality was part of English heritage
Their designs included adding art pieces throughout the gardens
Jekyll and Lutyens looked to Medieval design motifs, and eschewed topiary as unnatural
Their designs included local materials, vernacular architecture and the formality was part of English heritage
In the reading, both Charles Platt and Edith Wharton wrote books on Italian villas and their gardens. What three elements were the essence of Italian garden design?
Enclosure, terracing, topiary
Mystery, water, and formalism
Concealment, surprise, and spatial intimacy
Concealment, surprise, and spatial intimacy
According to the video on Dumbarton Oaks, Beatrix Farrand took inspiration from a 1918 book written by Gertrude Jekyll. What was the title of the book? [________________]
Garden Ornament
Even though their theories were opposite of each other, why did both Robinson and Blomfield believe their theories were closer to Arts and Crafts?

Because both looked to the English landscape for inspiration
Because both men supported formalism to structure their designs
Because both men looked to the same historical period in England for inspiration
Because both looked to the English landscape for inspiration
In the video on El Fureidis, who came to the estate in 1957 to buy some of its palm trees?
Walt Disney
William Huntington
William Randolph Hearst
Walt Disney
How was American Arts and Crafts design different from Europe?

In U.S., designs did not include local materials
Since the U.S. is a democracy, it did not include values of socialism except in some Utopian communities
Design in the U.S. included hand-craftsmanship unlike Europe
Since the U.S. is a democracy, it did not include values of socialism except in some Utopian communities
According to the reading, because of landscape design's association with [_________________], the field was opened earlier than others to women practitioners.
domesticity
In the video on Hestercombe, where did the hard landscaping or rock come from for the landscape design?

Hestercombe's own quarries
South London's quarries
Bath's quarries
Hestercombe's own quarries
True or False? Frederick Law Olmsted would have been in agreement with the purpose of parks as they were designed in Paris.
False
In the video on Forest City, which of these design elements was NOT part of Le Corbusier's design ideas in the 1920s?

Roof gardens
Integration of multi-level transportation
Wetlands
High-rise apartment units
Wetlands
Describe some elements Baron Haussmann used in Paris' new urban design.

He removed the street trees so that he could add flowers for a lush look in the city.
He created a varied roof plane on adjacent buildings so that their height would be staggered for visual interest.
He faced the buildings toward the streets and added large store windows to showcase merchandise.
He faced the buildings toward the streets and added large store windows to showcase merchandise.
In the design of a Garden City, how did the design bridge country and city living?

Garden Cities were located within large urban cities for gardening
Garden Cities were typically located on rooftops so that there was green space within the city
Within Garden Cities, green spaces alternated with residential, industrial and commercial locations
Within Garden Cities, green spaces alternated with residential, industrial and commercial locations
In Le Corbusier's design of Ville Radieuse, the proposed design of the city abstractly referenced which 4 parts of the human body?
head, spine, arms, legs
How was the park system design in Seattle different from the Boston Park System?

Seattle's park system did not include parkways as they were no longer in use by the Olmsted firm
Because the land was taken for parks before the city's expansion, the Olmsted Brothers were able to use the best lands in Seattle and not lands that were undevelopable
Seattle's design only focused on parks along the water edge to keep the city from developing in those areas
Seattle's design was the first ecological design as it restored the salt marshes and fetid drainage system in the city
Because the land was taken for parks before the city's expansion, the Olmsted Brothers were able to use the best lands in Seattle and not lands that were undevelopable
How was the Olmsted Brothers' design in California during the 1920s different from their work in most other states at the time?

The Olmsted Brothers' work in California was more ecologically-based than in other states.
Firm principals Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr. and Fred Dawson were required to be in residence at Palos Verdes during the project's construction, making them residents of their own project.
The Olmsted Brothers decided to return to traditional planning models for their projects in California.
Firm principals Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr. and Fred Dawson were required to be in residence at Palos Verdes during the project's construction, making them residents of their own project.
How did the Olmsted firm help professionalize landscape architecture?

The firm developed a consistent lettering style so that all firm members could draw on a shared set of plans
All answers shown
Every project required a topography map to ensure accurate grading
Frederick Law Olmsted Jr. and John Charles Olmsted were founding members of the American Society of Landscape Architects
All answers shown
According to the reading, the use of local [_________________] stone was used at Palos Verdes to create a sense of place and regional character. (two words)
Palos Verdes
According to the Ebenezer Howard's definition of a Garden City, why would Torrance, California be considered a garden city?

The separation of industrial and residential areas made for more healthy living
Like Howard's new towns, it was easy to drive there from larger cities
The new city was full of gardens
The separation of industrial and residential areas made for more healthy living
According to the reading, in an interview with John Charles Olmsted he said that the San Diego exposition design would primarily focus on the landscape, and the [_________________] would be adapted to the site. (one word)
buildings
How did the design of Sunnyside mirror English Garden Cities and add new American social and cultural values?

The model community in Queens, New York included open space, private gardens and playgrounds, and was designed for pedestrians over the automobile
It was built by the Cadbury Brothers, with lots of open space and housing for its primarily female employees
It was a greenbelt town that maintained the forest reserves nearby as open space
It was a superblock of dense, vertically laid out apartments, designed for abundant light and air
The model community in Queens, New York included open space, private gardens and playgrounds, and was designed for pedestrians over the automobile
In the design of Washington, D.C., how did Pierre L'Enfant build symbolism into the design for a new type of government?

L'Enfant located the Capitol and White House on the two highest points and connected them by Pennsylvania Avenue
Like Versailles, L'Enfant oriented the design onto the setting sun as a symbol of power
L'Enfant developed a grid system for the city to symbolize an equal and democratic distribution of land
L'Enfant located the Capitol and White House on the two highest points and connected them by Pennsylvania Avenue
How did Thomas Jefferson's 1785 Plan for the Western Territory provide an equal distribution of land?

His system allowed both free and enslaved men to equally purchase lands in the Western Territory
He created a grid system over the land so that all parcels were the same size
He followed natural systems to ensure each parcel would adjust to the existing topography
He created a grid system over the land so that all parcels were the same size
Patrick Geddes is best known for what type of planning?
Regional
Monumental
City Beautiful Movement
Regional
In the video, Robert Moses and Jane Jacobs disagreed about urban design ideas. Which is these three answers is not what Jane Jacobs believed about cities.

She believed that cities are made up of relationships that are created and fostered
She believed that cities are made up of more than commuters
She believed that efficiency in transportation was the most important value for cities
She believed that efficiency in transportation was the most important value for cities
Place these projects or planning movements in chronological order for their influence on each other, beginning with the oldest to the newest:

City Beautiful Movement actualized in American cities
L'Enfant's plan for Washington, D.C.
Versailles
McMillan Plan
Versailles, L'Enfant's plan for Washington, D.C., McMillan Plan, City Beautiful Movement actualized in American cities
In the 1920s when people starting traveling more by car, what new type of roadside architecture did it create?

Restaurants
Campsites
Motels
Motels
How did Fletcher Steele's Blue Steps represent American modernism in landscape architecture?

The design was based on Le Corbusier's Villa Savoye and its modernist ramping structure
The design incorporated new materials such as the tubular handrail as well as non-historicist blue-painted grottoes
The Blue Steps represented an abstract nature and drew from the nearby Berkshire Mountains
The design incorporated new materials such as the tubular handrail as well as non-historicist blue-painted grottoes
How did Gabriel Guevrekian use Cubism in his landscape designs?

His Cubist garden was abstract and volumetric, with plants massed as abstract color
Cubism is a picturesque art form so his design included mounded grassy areas and groves of trees
His Cubist garden was a direct copy of one of Picasso's paintings
His Cubist garden was abstract and volumetric, with plants massed as abstract color
What was the impact on landscape design from the 1925 Paris exposition?
Landscape design reverted to a Beaux-Arts style to showcase historical French influences
Design in Europe realigned itself with the design practices in the U.S. at the time
With the first Cubist garden, it moved landscape design into modernism
It codified landscape design to follow Olmstedian naturalistic design
With the first Cubist garden, it moved landscape design into modernism
According to the reading, Fletcher Steele's "enthusiasm for abstract, nonassociational design concepts were transmitted to a new generation of young landscape architects" named _________, __________, and ___________. (for each person, provide a first and last name, no middle names)
Garrett Eckbo, James Rose, Daniel Kiley
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