Bio pres questions

Which of the following is correctly matched?
○ G1 - restriction site, may go into G0, G2 - maturation promoting factor (MPF), M - kinetochores of sister
chromatids are bound to kinetochore microtubules from both poles, completing the spindle formation with
chromosomes at the metaphase plate
○ G1 - maturation promoting factor (MPF), G2 - synthesis site, may go into G3, M - kinetochores of sister
chromosomes are bound to kinetochore microtubules at one pole, completing the spindle formation with
chromosomes at the metaphase plate
○ G1 - restriction site, may go into G0, G2 - maturation promoting factor (MPF), M - kinetochores of sister
chromosomes are bound to kinetochore microtubules at one pole, completing the spindle formation with
chromatids at the metaphase plate
○ G1 - restriction site, may go into G0, G2 - synthesis site, may go into G3, M - kinetochores of sister chromatids are
bound to kinetochore microtubules from both poles, completing the spindle formation with chromatids at the
metaphase plate
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Which of the following is correctly matched?
○ G1 - restriction site, may go into G0, G2 - maturation promoting factor (MPF), M - kinetochores of sister
chromatids are bound to kinetochore microtubules from both poles, completing the spindle formation with
chromosomes at the metaphase plate
○ G1 - maturation promoting factor (MPF), G2 - synthesis site, may go into G3, M - kinetochores of sister
chromosomes are bound to kinetochore microtubules at one pole, completing the spindle formation with
chromosomes at the metaphase plate
○ G1 - restriction site, may go into G0, G2 - maturation promoting factor (MPF), M - kinetochores of sister
chromosomes are bound to kinetochore microtubules at one pole, completing the spindle formation with
chromatids at the metaphase plate
○ G1 - restriction site, may go into G0, G2 - synthesis site, may go into G3, M - kinetochores of sister chromatids are
bound to kinetochore microtubules from both poles, completing the spindle formation with chromatids at the
metaphase plate
G1 - restriction site, may go into G0, G2 - maturation promoting factor (MPF), M - kinetochores of sister
chromatids are bound to kinetochore microtubules from both poles, completing the spindle formation with
chromosomes at the metaphase plate
How was the cell cycle first discovered?
○ When Alma Howard and Stephen Pelc researched the proliferation of bean roots
○ When Rosalind Franklin and James Watson collaborated on the analysis of DNA
○ When Gregor Mendel analyzed pea plants and gene expression
○ When Carl Linneus formalized the binomial nomenclature system
When Alma Howard and Stephen Pelc researched the proliferation of bean roots
Which of the following order is correct for the frequency of division in cell types with the most frequent first?
Liver, mature muscle, skin
○ Skin, mature muscle, liver
○ Mature muscle, liver, skin
○ Skin, liver, mature muscle
Skin, liver, mature muscle
What is cancer caused by?
Lack of division of cells during the Telophase and Cytokinesis phases of Mitosis.
○ An abundance of cell division caused by lack of control over the cell cycle
○ The cell cycle stopping and staying in the G1 phase of mitosis
○ Overproduction of white blood cells due to infection or disease
An abundance of cell division caused by lack of control over the cell cycle
Nearly half of all cancers have a mutation in the _______.
○ P53 gene
○ Chromosome 21
○ Nucleus
○ Pelc region of the chromosome
P53 gene
All of the following have the potential to cause a genetic bottleneck EXCEPT:
A) Human impact (deforestation, oil spill, excessive hunting, etc.)
B) Sickness
C) Natural disaster
D) Natural selection
E) Invasion of a foreign species that eats a large portion of a native species' only food source, causing a food shortage
D) Natural selection
In the 1860s, a war reduced the Navajo Nation's numbers drastically. Today, the descendants of the survivors all have the
recessive gene that causes skin cancer from any exposure to sunlight. Which of these is correct?
A) This is an example of natural selection because only the fittest survived long enough to pass their genes to their offspring.
B) This is an example of a genetic bottleneck because after the war, the gene pool had shrunk so drastically that everyone
descended from it inherited this recessive gene.
C) This is an example of a genetic bottleneck because human impact (war) caused the population, and therefore the gene
pool, to shrink.
D) A, B, and C are correct
E) Only B and C are correct
E) Only B and C are correct
3. Evolution occurs over (a very long) time as random mutations occur and get passed down generations. What is the significance of
a genetic bottleneck to the evolutionary process?
A) When a bottleneck occurs, it's like erasing away a large portion of "evolutionary progress," causing the process of evolution
to take even longer.
B) After a bottleneck, there is less genetic variation, so the evolutionary process lengthens due to the decrease in genetic
diversity.
C) Genetic bottlenecks do not affect the evolutionary process because evolution is random.
D) Genetic bottlenecks affect the evolutionary process, but not for any of the reasons listed above.
E) Only A and B are correct
E) Only A and B are correct
How does natural selection relate to genetic bottlenecks?
A) Natural selection can cause a genetic bottleneck to happen because only the "fittest" of the species will be able to survive
the bottleneck
B) Natural selection and genetic bottlenecks are both due to chance
C) Natural selection does not relate to genetic bottlenecks because genetic bottlenecks are completely due to chance,
whereas in natural selection, the species with the "fittest" genes survive.
D) Only A and B are correct
C) Natural selection does not relate to genetic bottlenecks because genetic bottlenecks are completely due to chance,
whereas in natural selection, the species with the "fittest" genes survive.
Through the evolutionary process of genetic bottleneck, species have a chance of losing their ______, which will lead to the
_________.
A) rare alleles; emergence of a new species.
B) rare alleles; emergence of a new species through natural selection.
C) rare alleles; disappearance of genes and have no impact on the species.
D) common alleles; disappearance of genes and have no impact on the species.
A) rare alleles; emergence of a new species.
What is the most widely used method in DNA fingerprinting? a) PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) b) RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) c) STR Analysis (Short Tandem Repeats Analysis) d) None of the abovec) STR Analysis (Short Tandem Repeats Analysis)What specimen can you not collect DNA from? a) Blood b) Cheek Swab c) Semen d) Fingerprintsd) FingerprintsWhat do the RFLP method and STR Analysis have in common with their steps? a) DNA Extraction b) Gel Electrophoresis c) Restriction Enzymes d) A and B e) A, B, and Cd) A and BWhat uses does DNA fingerprinting have in agriculture? a) Identifying diseases in crops b) Keeping track of genes in crops c) Identifying seeds d) A and B e) A, B and Ce) A, B and CWhat are some examples of medical applications used in DNA fingerprinting? a) Diagnosing Huntington's Disease in a prenatal baby b) Creating a cure for an inherited disease c) Analysis after solid organ transplant d) All of the aboved) All of the aboveMutations are changes that occur in the ______ sequence. a.DNA b.phenotype c.protein d.RNAa.DNAWhich of the following is an example of beneficial mutations? a.HIV resistance b.Lactose intolerance c.Antibiotic resistance d.All of the aboved.All of the aboveAntibiotics a.kill bacteria b.have different side effects and effectiveness on everyone c.are ineffective with bacteria that are antibiotic resistant d.Only A and B e.All of the abovee.All of the aboveMutations occur in the DNA base units of a.C,K,L,M b.A,G,T,C b.M,T,C,U d.A,G,M,Lb.A,G,T,CMutations in DNA can occur through a.Deletion b.Insertion c.Rearrangement d.All of the aboved.All of the aboveWhich of the following does the article focus on? a. Huntington's Disease b. Cystic Fibrosis c. Down Syndrome d. A, B, and C are all correct. e. B and C are correcte. B and C are correctWhich of the following elements are NOT integrated in genetic counseling? a. Assessing the chance of disease recurrence b. Performing surgeries to help children born with genetic disorders. c. Counseling to promote informed choices and how to adapt about the risk or condition d. Education about inheritance, testing, management, prevention, resources, and research e. All of the above are integrated in genetic counseling.b. Performing surgeries to help children born with genetic disorders.What education requirement/s are needed to be a Genetic Counselor? a. Bachelor's degree in Biology specifically b. Bachelor's degree in Science, but does not require a specific one. c. Master's in Genetic Counseling d. A and B are correct e. B and C are correct f. A, B, and C are correct.e. B and C are correctWhat is a disadvantage of genetic counseling? a. Testing may decrease stress and anxiety b. Some results may come up uncertain/inconclusive c. Positive impact on family or personal relationships d. All of the above are disadvantages of genetic counselingb. Some results may come up uncertain/inconclusiveWhat is the highest specialty area of a Genetic Counselor? a. Cancer Genetics b. Pediatrics c. Prenatal d. Adults e. None of the abovec. PrenatalCan Gynandromorphs occur in people? A. Yes, but happens more in females B. Yes, but happens more than males C. No, but there has been some rare cases D. No, it doesn't impact people at allD. No, it doesn't impact people at all2 Gynandromorphs are? A. An organism that contains both male and female characteristics B. An organism that contains more chromosomes than its supposed it C. An organism that is composed of circular DNA D. None of the aboveA. An organism that contains both male and female characteristics3 Nondisjunction A. Failure of homologous chromosomes to separate in meiosis I B. Failure of sister chromatids to separate during meiosis II C. Failure of sister chromatids to separate during mitosis D. All of the aboveD. All of the aboveGynandromorphs are present in? A. Insects B. Spiders C. Arthropods D. Crusteacens E. All of the aboveE. All of the above5 Examples of Nondisjunction A. Down Syndrome B. Turner Syndrome C. Albinism D. A, B and C E. A and BE. A and B1. What was significant about the SUPER-M mice? a) They lived shorter lives b) Their fur was darker than the other subject mice c) There was an abundance of overexpressed telomerase d) All of the abovec) There was an abundance of overexpressed telomeraseWhat happened to the mice with no telomerase? a) They showed signs of premature aging b) They showed a greater resistance to cancer c) They showed no signs of premature aging d) They showed a lower resistance to cancer e) A and B only f) C and D onlye) A and B onlyHow do telomeres protect the DNA? a) They act as a buffer b) They coat the entire chromosome in a protective envelope c) They protect the entire cell by creating an envelope d) They shorten the length of the chromosomea) They act as a buffer4. What are telomeres? a) A matrix within the cell that aids in the structure of a cell b) Repetitive noncoding nucleotide sequences at the ends of chromosomes c) The meeting spot of sister chromatids d) Strands of DNAb) Repetitive noncoding nucleotide sequences at the ends of chromosomesWhy does telomerase lengthen DNA strands? a) To help in cell division b) To allow the chromosomes to link together c) To allow the cell to grow larger d) To make the chromosomes harder to killd) To make the chromosomes harder to killWhat kind of cells have recently been found to form heart-like cells and repair heart tissue? A. Skin cells B. Bone marrow cells C. Nerve cells D. White Blood cellsB. Bone marrow cellsStem cells can be used for/to: A. Understanding diseases B. Drug testing C. To generate new healthy cells D. A and C E. A, B, & C are all correctE. A, B, & C are all correctStem cell medicine can potentially help ____ . A. Mental disorders B. Broken bones C. Diabetes D. Open woundsC. DiabetesWhat disease could stem cells help cure? A. Cancer B. Osteoporosis C. Diabetes D. All of the aboveD. All of the above5. What can we observe the stem cells repairing? A. Muscle B. Bone C. Tissue D. All of the aboveD. All of the aboveWhole organismal cloning is done through what process? a. Genomic imprinting b. Somatic cell nuclear transfer c. DNA replication d. Fertilizationb. Somatic cell nuclear transferWhat does transgenic mean? a. Having a diploid cell b. Bacteria having to reproduce asexually c. Artificially transferred DNA in an organism from a different organism d. A vector, such as a plasmid, used in genetic modificationc. Artificially transferred DNA in an organism from a different organismWhich of the following is FALSE about cloning's importance to medicine? a. Endangered animals can be cloned to prevent them from going extinct. b. Cloned stem cells can be used to treat diseases and help with the difficulty of receiving an organ transplant. c. Medicines can be tested on cloned cells before being tried on real people. d. Cloned organisms provide human subjects to be tested on for genetic diseases.d. Cloned organisms provide human subjects to be tested on for genetic diseases.In John Gurdens experiment at Oxford University, he cloned frogs by using nuclei from frog embryos (undifferentiated) and tadpoles (differentiated). For the differentiated nuclei, how many grew to become normal tadpoles? a. None b. Less than 2% c. More than 98% d. 100%b. Less than 2%Who first experimented with Crispr? a. Rudolphe Barrangou b. Bill Nye c. Gregor Mendel d. Rosalind Franklina. Rudolphe BarrangouWhich is not a common application of Crispr? a. Agriculture b. Medicine c. Bioenergy d. Physicsd. PhysicsWhat are some possible applications of gene editing? a. Human embryos resistant to diseases b. Coal with the potential to release more energy c. Humans incorporating chloroplasts into cells in order to photosynthesize d. Reviving previously extinct speciesa. Human embryos resistant to diseasesWhat does Crispr stand for? a. Concentrated Round Intracellular Small Phosphate Ribosomes b. Catalyst Regularly Ionized Spacers Process Repetition c. Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats d. Covalent Round Isomeric Sulfuric Particle Radiologyc. Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic RepeatsWhat can Crispr be used for? a. Identify protein's role in cells b. Turning genes off and on for research c. Creating gene drives d. All of the aboved. All of the aboveWhich RNA(s) enables RNAi? a) siRNA b) miRNA c) piRNA d) A and B e) A, B and Cd) A and B#2. What triggers RNAi to shut down protein translation? a) Double- stranded RNA b) Single- stranded RNA c) ncRNAs d) A and C e) A, B and Ca) Double- stranded RNA#3. Who discovered RNA interference? a) Watson and Mendel b) Mello and Fire c) Fire and Mendel d) Fire and Crickb) Mello and FireWhy was RNAi studied? a) It can turn off certain genes to see their purposes b) It can create a resistance to viruses c) It can help examine how cells move d) All of the aboved) All of the aboveWhich of the following resulted in making the experimental roundworms twitch when discovering RNAi? a) Injecting a single-stranded antisense sequence b) Injecting a double-stranded RNA formed of the sense and antisense sequences c) Injecting a naturally produced mRNA relevant to muscle protein manufacturing d) Injecting a naturally produced mRNA relevant to DNA manufacturingb) Injecting a double-stranded RNA formed of the sense and antisense sequencesWhat percentage of Americans worked from home over Summer of 2020? a) 39.8% b) 41.8% c) 40% d) 45.8%b) 41.8%What part of the body does the coronaviruses infect? a) Cells in your nose and sinuses b) Heart cells c) Cells in the upper throat d) All of the aboved) All of the aboveHow does covid-19 infect your body? a) By hijacking your healthy cells and producing copies of itself b) By going into your brain and eating brain cells c) By going into your liver and Kidneys d) By hijacking dead cells and producing copies of its sella) By hijacking your healthy cells and producing copies of itselfHow effective was the Moderna vaccine at preventing COVID according to the study? a) 99.1% b) 94.1% c) 99.9% d) 91%b) 94.1%Which are the most dangerous coronaviruses? a. MERS b. SARS c. HERS d. A and B are correctd. A and B are correct