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Biology 1 exam study

Terms in this set (49)

Lipid are found many organeles in of the following organeles does NOT have a lipid bilayer?
Ribosome
In the fluid mosaic model
Phospholipids and integral proteins can float within the lipid bilayer.
What properties of transmembrane proteins allow them to be found within the lipid bilayer?
Transmembrane proteins are composed primarily of nonpolar amino acids.
What is the impact of unsaturated fatty acids on triglycerides?
Unsaturated fatty acids stack more tightly than saturated fatty acids, resulting in fats that are liquid at room temperature.
How are triglycerides and phospholipids SIMILAR?
Both are composed of glycerol and fatty acids.
What is the impact of saturated fatty acids on the lipid bilayer?
Saturated fatty acids decrease the fluidity of the lipid bilayer
Which of the following bonds is formed within a molecule of O2 ?
No polar covalent
Which type of chemical bond would atoms of the following element most likely form? (Li)
Ionic
How many neutrons do atoms of the following element have?(Be)
5
The association between hydrogen and oxygen atoms within a water molecule can be characterized as_ bonds.
Polar covalent
Which type of chemical bond would atoms of the following element most likely form? (O)
Covalent
Where is the active site found?
In the enzyme
Which of the following is not a monosaccharide ?
Sucrose
Which of the following is a long unbranched polysaccharide that serves a structural role in cells?
Cellulose
Like cows, horses have the ability to digest cellulose due to enzymes produced by microorganisms in their guts. What type of enzyme required to break down cellulose ?
An enzyme that can break beta glucose linkages in celluloseconverting cellulose to glucose
Statins are a drug used to lower lipid levels in patients by blocking cholesterol synthesis are a competitive inhibitor for the enzyme HMG-COA reductase. Which the following would occur it a patient were given Statins?
Statins would block the binding of the substrate to the active site of HMG-CoA reductase
Which of the following is NOT a step in the destruction of sucrose by the enzyme sucrase?
In a dehydration reactionthe enzyme sucrase releases water and breaks the bond between glucose and fructose
What the main difference between Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria?
The cell wall of Gram positive bacteria contains multiple layers of peptidoglycanbut the cell wall of Gram negative bacteria has a thin layer peptidoglycan
Cycloheximide is a drug that inhibits the organelle called a ribosome. What would be the impact of treating cells with cycloheximide?
Protein synthesis would be inhibited.
If the temperature is increased above the optimal temperature for an enzyme. which of the following will occur?
The protein will be denatured, and the chemical reaction will not occur
Which of the following explains why cell size is limited?
As cell size increases, the of surface area to volume decreases. decreasing the rate of diffusion
Which of the following correctly describes the organization of the phospholipid bilayer?
The polar phosphate head faces outward and the hydrophobic tails face inward.
Which of the following statements regarding bond formation between amino acids is CORRECT?
Amino acids are joined by peptide bonds formed between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of the second amino acid.
Which of the following is the correct order for travel of secreted proteins through the endomembrane system?
Synthesis of proteins in the rough endoplasmic reticulum transport of proteins inside vesicles to the Golgi, transport of proteins inside vesicles to the plasma membrane, and fusion of the vesicles with the plasma membrane resulting in secretion of the proteins outside the cells.
The active site of an enzyme called lactase is mutated, replacing several polar amino acids with nonpoiar amino acids. Which of the statements is most likely CORRECT?
The mutation may disrupt the folding of lactase, and binding of the substrate may be altered.
Which of the following statements regarding dehydration and hydrolysis reactions is CORRECT?
Dehydration reactions join amino acids to form proteins, whereas hydrolysis reactions break nucleic acids to form nucleotides
Which of the following statements regarding bond formation in nucleic acids is CORRECT?
Nucleotides are joined by phosphodiester bonds between the 3 hydroxyl of the first nucleotide and the 5 phosphate the second nucleotide.
Which of the following statements regarding lon channels is CORRECT?
Ion channels are integral proteins that allow polar molecules to pass through the lipid bilayer.
Which of the following components of the cytoskeleton are constantly increasing and decreasing in length?
Actin and tubulin
Proteins that will be secreted outside the cell are synthesized in which part of the cell?
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Which of the following organelles lacks DNA?
Endoplasmic reticulum
Which of the following organelles is responsible for protein synthesis?
Ribosome
How are chloroplasts and mitochondria different?
Chloroplasts generate energy from light, whereas mitochondria generate energy from food.
Which of the following organelles is responsible for DNA synthesis ?
Nucleus
What is the role of communicating junctions?
To transport small molecules from one cell into the next cell
What would happen if cells no longer express proteins that form adherens junctions and tight junctions?
Cells will have decreased cell-cell adhesion
Which of the following organelles is responsible for generating energy?
Mitochondria
How are plant cells and animal cells DIFFERENT?
Plant cells have chloroplasts that are absent in animal cells.
What is the value of a scientific theory?
It is an explanation for a phenomenon based on multiple lines of scientific inquiry.
In which of the following ways do living systems demonstrate hierarchical organization?
Multiple individuals of a single species make up a population
Which of the following is not a fundamental characteristics of life?
Photosynthesis
Dr. Java was investigating the influence of caffeine intake on memory in older adults. Her thought that people who drank more coffee would perform better on memory tests would be considered a(n)
Hypothesis
Why are hypotheses fundamental to the nature of science?
They provide testable explanations for phenomena
One strand of DNA has the following sequence: 5 ATGCCG 3 Which of the following shows the correct base pairing of the complementary strand?
3'TACGGC5'
The following Image shows the chemical structure of the amino acid aspartic acid. Based on the structure of the R group of aspartic acid, which of the following chemical properties is aspartic acid most likely to display ?
Acidic
Which of the following is not an organic molecule ?
Water
One strand of DNA has the following sequence : 5'ATTGCC 3 Which of the following shows the correct base pairing of the complementary strand?
3'TAACGG5'
Which of the following statements regarding protein structure is INCORRECT?
Tertiary structure is dependent on the R groups of the amino acids, whereas quaternary structure dependent on hydrogen bonding between the amino acids.
The adrenergic receptor is composed of one single polypeptide that folds to form seven alpha helical transmembrane domains connected by intracellular and extracellular loops. Which of the following best describes the protein structure of the adrenergic receptor?
The adrenergic receptor displays primary, secondary, and tertiary structure only.
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