Digestion Test Questions

Which of the following is INCORRECT regarding salivary secretion in animals?
Click the card to flip 👆
1 / 108
Terms in this set (108)
Which of the following is INCORRECT regarding salivary secretion in animals?
Parotid saliva is low in calcium in horses
Which of the following is TRUE about salivary gland secretions in veterinary physiology? Salvia:
From the parotid gland is mainly serous
Which of the following would play a critical role in esophageal emptying in horse with obstruction in the mid-esophagus?
Secondary peristalsis
Control of secretion in the alimentary tract often involves negative feedback loops in which the secreted product blocks secretion of production of the secretagogue that stimulates its secretion. Which one of the following IS an example of this process?
Trypsin blocks the secretion of cholecystokinin
The following is a list of statements about pancreatic enzyme activities. Identify the one that is INCORRECT (3 choices):
1. Trypsin activates prolipase to lipase (would be correct if chymotrypsingoen to chymotrypsin)
2. All pancreatic enzymes are secreted as zymogens
3. Trypsinogen is effective as a proteolytic agent at neutral (or intestinal) pH
The following is a list of statements about secretion by glandular cells. Identify the one that is INCORRECT (2 choices):
1. The proteases of the pancreas are released into the acinus in the active form
2. In the pancreas, CCK stimulation at physiological doses is mainly mediated by a direct effect on pancreatic cells
Complete this statement. Trypsin:
Degrades CCK-releasing factor
Which of the following groups of organs provides bicarb to buffer gastric contents as they enter the duodenum?
Liver, pancreas, and duodenum
Which of the following statements about the mechanism of communication that mediate response in the GI tract is true?
Acetylcholine release from nerve endings usually mediates the response to a neurocrine effect
Identify the CORRECT association between a hormone and a response from the pancreas:
Gastrin and increased electrolyte secretions in the horse
Which pair of the following glands or organs responds to secretin?Liver and pancreasComplete the following sentences correctly. Conjugation of bile salts:Is primarily with taurine in catsBile-salt dependent flow of biles involves:The enterohepatic circulation of bile saltsThe salt and water component of bile (bile salt independent flow of bile) involves all but one of the following. Identify the INCORRECT answer:Conjugation of bile saltsAlkalization of duodenal contents is important for which the following GI functions?Digestive enzyme activityWhich of the following relationships between structure and function in the GI tract is correct?Crypts and chloride secretions (NOT SODIUM)Micellar solubilization is directly involved in one of the following steps in fat digestion and absorption. Identify the CORRECT answer:Diffusion of fatty acids and monoglycerides through the unstirred layerWhich one of the following statements about absorption of nutrients by the intestine and coupling of the absorption step to another brush border process, such as co-transport or digestion, is CORRECT? (2 choices)1. Fructose uses a Na-independent transport system called GLUT5 (not SGLT1) 2. Brush border enzymes produce the final products for protein and starch absorptionWhich one of the following statements about salt and water absorption by the GI tract is INCORRECT?Because it is a tight epithelium, water absorption by the jejunum is very efficient (should be colon, not jejunum)Which of the following statements about digestion and absorption of nutrients by the intestine is INCORRECT?Net iron absorption is enhanced when plasma iron and iron stores in the body are high (decreased or low would be true)Which one of the following statements is FALSE?A low plasma iron induces synthesis of iron-binding protein in migrating epithelial cellsWhich of the following statements about iron absorption by intestine is TRUE?The negative intracellular electrical charge does not favor chloride entry into the cellWhich one of the following is TRUE about SI diarrhea induced by E. coli enterotoxin?The fluid loss can be treated by oral solutions that contain glucoseWhich on of the following is INCORRECT about the absorptive anatomy of the intestine?Villi are finger-like projections of mucosa that are found in the small and large intestines (no villi in the colon)Which of the following statements is TRUE?Products of carb digestion are absorbed as monosaccharides onlyThe purpose of the enterosystemic is to conserve plasma water and volume through colonic absorption of water and ions. Which one of the following is TRUE about this process?Salmonella infection interferes with the colon's ability to absorb water and thereby, causes diarrheaWhich one of the following does NOT play a role in control of normal gastric emptying?Pectin (also, barium)Complete the statement. The colon:Can retain large particles for prolonged digestion through coordinated propulsion and retropulsionOsmolality of a hypertonic meal changes in which direction as it passes from the stomach to the jejunum? Pick one:Hypertonic in stomach, approaching isotonic in duodenum, isotonic in jejunum (jejunum must be isotonic)Receptive relaxation in the stomach is dependent on which one of the following?Vagus nerveGastric acid secretion is self-regulating, which one of the following describes this process correctly?Gastrin stimulates acid secretion, and acid secreted by the parietal cells inhibits gastrin release from the G cellsWhich one of the following correctly describes one of the roles in trypsin?Inhibits CCK secretion by the duodenumWhich one of the following causes small intestinal malabsorption by villous blunting without cell invasion?C. parvum infection in calvesPancreatic secretion has some different features in horses than other animals. Which one is CORRECT? Compared with other species of domestic animals, pancreatic secretion in horses:Has a high concentration of ClWhich one of the following is CORRECT regarding salivary secretion in animals?Saliva is involved in evaporative cooling in dogs and catsWhich of the following is FALSE about salivary gland secretions in veterinary physiology? (2 choices) Saliva:1. Contributes significantly to fat digestion 2. Important contributor of digestive systemWhich one of the following would play a critical role in esophageal emptying in a 25kg dog prone to obstruction in the mid-esophagus?Secondary peristalsisThe following is a list of statements about secretion by glandular cells. Identify the one that is INCORRECT:In the pancreas, CCK stimulation at physiological doses is mainly mediated by a direct effort on pancreatic cellsWhich one of the following is NOT a means of protecting mucosa of the canine SI from gastric acid?Bicarb secretion in salivaWhich of the following is not absorbed by the colon?Amino acids (small intestine)Which of the following is a TRUE fundamental concept of the enteric nervous system (ENS)?The ENS controls motility, endocrine, and exocrine secretions within the GI tractWhich of the following is TRUE regarding innervation within the ENS?The submucous plexus plays a major role in intestinal secretionWhich of the following neurons projects from the ENS to the brainstem (or spinal cord) to initiate central modulatory responses?Extrinsic primary afferent neuronRegarding enteric motor neurons, which of the following neurotransmitters is primarily excitatory for post-ganglionic parasympathetic fibers?Acetylcholine (Ach) (sub-p could also work)In which type of glandular mucosa are parietal cells located:FundicWhich of the following statements is correct regarding the mechanism of acid secretion?Stimulation of the parietal cell results in a morphologic change in the cell such that cytoplasmic tubules disappear and a secretory cannaliculus developsWhich of the following statements is correct regarding neural regulation of acid secretion?Acetylcholine can stimulate acid secretion indirectly by stimulating the ECL cell via M1 receptorWhich of the following is true regarding regulation of acid secretion?Histamine secretion by the ECL cell is stimulated by Ach and gastrin and will stimulate acid secretionWhich of the following statements is true regarding gastric motility and emptying?Trituration is accomplished by retropulsion of large particles at the pylorus back into the fundus by propagating peristaltic wave activityWhich of the following statements is true regarding the gastric mucosal barrier?In addition to increasing mucus and bicarb secretion, prostaglandin E2 also enhances the mucosal barrier by increasing mucosal perfusionWhich of the following statements is true regarding pepsin?Its conversion from pepsinogen is stimulated by a luminal pH <4.0In which species is the Migrating Motility Complex (MMC) consistently interrupted by consumption of a meal?CanineDuring which phase of MMC does the majority of aborad movement of ingesta occur?Phase IIWhich of the following statements is true with regard to SI slow wave activity?Slow waves comprise the basic underlying electrical activity of the SIWhich of the following statements is correct regarding functional SI anatomy?The circular muscle is innervated by excitatory and inhibitory neurons and activated by ICC and excitatory motor neuronsName one drug or class of drugs discussed in class which can impact intestinal motility and state that impact is positive or negative. State the drug's overall effect on motility, not upon a specific receptor. (2 examples)1. Opioids, decrease motility, negative 2. Detomadine in horses, decreases, negative (colic)What is the biggest source of bilirubin in the body?Red blood cellsYou are presented with a 5-year-old Quarter Horse mare with a primary complaint of lethargy. During your physical exam, you keenly notice the mare's sclera are moderately icteric. Her total bilirubin is 11.2mg/dl. During an ultrasound exam of her abdomen, you notice that her bile ducts are enlarged and you therefore suspect cholelithiasis resulting in an obstructive hyperbilirubinemia. If you were to request fractionated bilirubin analysis, which fraction would likely be primarily elevated?ConjugatedWhich of the following species will fasting most quickly hyperbilirubinemia and icterus?EquineWithin the cycle of bilirubin metabolism, which of the following is usually the rate-limiting step in most species?Secretion of conjugated bilirubin into bileWhich product of bilirubin metabolism is excreted in the feces?StercobilinName 3 major NON-immunological factors important to provide protection again enteric pathogens:Saliva, digestive enzymes, motilityWhich of the following is NOT a normal response to normal GI contents?InflammationWhich of the following statements is correct regarding peyer's patches and associated cells?M cells increase in number in response to antigen stimulationThe GI tract is the major source of which of the following immunoglobulin classes?IgAThe salivary glands of birds are:Abundant and prominent around the base of the tongueThe crop:Is also called the ingluviesThe ventriculus:Contains a cuticle (the koilin layer) on the surface of its epitheliumThe proventriculus:Primarily functions to produce and release pepsin, HCl, and mucusThe colorectum of parrots is:Important for reabsorption of water from urineThe major feature of secondary peristalsis that distinguishes it from primary peristalsis is that secondary peristalsis:Is induced by the presence of a bolus anywhere along the esophageal bodyWhich one of the following is FALSE about esophageal physiology?Reverse peristalsis in the esophagus is the final step in vomitionWhich of the following statements about sodium ion absorption by the intestine is TRUE? (2 choices)1. The low intracellular concentration of sodium is produced by the sodium/potassium pump 2. The negative intracellular charge does not favor chloride entry into the cellWhich one of the following statements is TRUE about the digestion and absorption of fat?Micellar solubilization facilitates movement of fatty acids across an unstirred water layerWhich of the following statements about ion transport is correct?Microvilli are sites of surface digestion and absorption of nutrientsWhich of the following statements about ion transport is CORRECT?Sodium absorption is important for transepithelial movement of other ions and waterWhich of the following statements about malassimilation and malabsorption is correct?The xylose absorption test is a measure of absorptive surface area of the SI mucosaWhich one of the following is correct regarding salivary secretion in animals?Saliva has a high concentration of bicarb in ruminantsWhich of the following is TRUE about salivary secretions?At high rates of flow, the composition of the final secretion is very similar to the primary secretionWhich one of the following is FALSE about trypsin in the digestive pathway? Trypsin:Stimulates secretion of secretin by the intestinal mucosaWhich one of the following is CORRECT about nutrient digestion and absorption in the SI? (2 choices)1. Amino acid absorption requires Na+; di- and tri-peptides depend on H+ instead 2. Digestion of nutrients by brush border enzymes occurs in SI, not colonWhich of the following statements about diarrheas caused by malassimilation and malabsorption is correct? (2 choices)1. Salmonella in the colon damages surface cells and causes salt and water malabsorption 2. Nursing animals have lactase in SI that decreases in activity with age and lactose intolerance developsMicrobial fermentation in the colon depends on certain conditions that favor bacterial activity. Which one of the following does NOT belong on the list of favorable conditions?The ability to maintain an acidic pHWhich of the following is FALSE about the enterosystemic cycle?Aldosterone stimulates sodium and water secretion by the colon (absorption would be correct, not secretion)The enterosystemic cycle is influenced by which of the following?AldosteroneWhich of the following is correct regarding the colon and feeding practices in horses?Digestive secretions in response to a large meal can draw fluid from the extracellular spaceWhich one of the following is TRUE about SI secretion induced by E. coli enterotoxin? (2 choices)1. The secretion is caused by stimulation of cyclic AMP in crypt cells 2. The fluid loss can be treated by oral solutions that contain glucoseWhich one of the following is NOT a step in triglyceride absorption in the SI?Delivery of the chylomicrons directly into the splanchnic capillaries (goes into lymphatics)Which of the following is false about biliary secretion?The duodenum has an active transport system for bile saltsWhich of the following is true about biliary secretion?Bile is stored and concentrated in gallbladder of dogs and cats (5-20 fold)Complete sentence correctly. Biliary secretion is:Almost continuous in horsesComplete the following statement correctly. Enterohepatic circulation fo bile salts:Involves reabsorption of 94% of bile salts by the SIWhich of the following statements about biliary secretion and bile salts is INCORRECT?Secretion is responsible for bile salt independent control of biliary secretionWhat statement about biliary secretion is TRUE?Bile is an excretory route for drugsWhich one of the following statements about bile absorption by the intestine is TRUE?Solvent drag moves water soluble substrates by paracellular routeWhat statement is FALSE? (2 choices) A. The colon is the most important source of ammonia B. Interstitial cells do not produce urease C. In hepatic insufficiency or portosystemic shunt, neurotoxic effects of ammonia become evident D. Dietary manipulation can decrease colonic pH and thereby increase ammonia absorption E. Cells that absorb iron from iron binding proteins that complex with ferrous iron F. A diet low in iron induces synthesis of iron-binding protein in migrating epithelial cellsD. Dietary manipulation can decrease colonic pH and thereby increase ammonia absorption F. A diet low in iron induces synthesis of iron-binding protein in migrating epithelial cellsWhat statement is TRUE? A. All products of digestion are absorbed as monomeric units with the exception of certain disaccharides B. Dipeptides, tripeptides, and amino acids are absorbed as such that most leave the cell as amino acids C. Several diagnostic tests in animals with malassimilation probe different aspects of protein digestion and absorption D. Fructose uses sodium dependent transport system called SGLT1 (glucose)B. Dipeptides, tripeptides, and amino acids are absorbed as such that most leave the cell as amino acidsComplete the following statement CORRECTLY. When plasma iron is low:Crypt cells synthesize less iron-binding proteinsThe intestinal tract absorbs water from one dilute environment (lumen contents) to another (blood). Which one of the following is not involved in this process?The water absorbed in response to the osmotic pressure gradient is initially retained within the cellsWhich one of the following is NOT a means of protecting the lining of the canine SI from gastric acid?Bicarb secretion from the stomach (can happen, but not important)The following is a list of benefits from acid neutralization in the SI. Which one of the following DOES NOT belong on the list?Control of the intraluminal bacterial populationWhich one of the following statements about salt and water absorption by the gastrointestinal tract is INCORRECT?Iron absorption is enhanced when plasma iron and iron stores in the body are highWhich of the following about ion and water absorption by the intestine is TRUE?Intercellular spaces expand during water and ion absorptionWhich of the following is TRUE about ammonia absorption and toxicity?Lactulose produces H+ in the colon that prevents absorption of ammoniaWhich of the following about digestion and absorption of nutrients by the intestine is CORRECT?Animals with steatorrhea can be managed by feeding short chain fatty acidsWhich of the following IS required to support normal colon function in an herbivore?Anaerobic environmentThe following is a list of statements about secretion by glandular cells. Identify that one that is INCORRECT:The proteases of the pancreas are released into the acinus in the active formThe main site of microbial digestion in ruminants occurs in these two regions:Rumen and reticulum