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8th Grade North Carolina Science EOG

Terms in this set (97)

occurs in chloroplasts, uses sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and glucose

Cellular respiration

occurs in the mitochondria, uses oxygen and glucose to produce water and carbon dioxide

Unicellular, prokaryotes, have flagella to move

eukaryotes, have hyphae to absorb nutrients

non-living, only reproduce inside a host cell

a consumer, eats food because it can not produce its own sugar

makes it own food using photosynthesis

bacterial diseases

strep throat, tuberculosis

disease from viruses

AIDS, chicken pox

Medicine that kills bacteria

The use of genetically engineered crops in agriculture and DNA manipulation in livestock in order to increase production. Increasingly applied to more advanced stages of food production in the form of radiation of meats and vegetables to prolong their freshness.

any disease easily transmitted by contact

A chemical or physical agent that interacts with DNA and causes a mutation.

change over time

biological evolution

how living organisms have changed over time, ex: adaptation

geological evolution

how earths surface has changed over time, ex: continental drift

technological evolution

how technology has changed over time, ex: telegraph to letters to cell phones and email

trap gases from the atmosphere

found in sedimentary rock, evidence for evolution

widely distributed organisms, lived a short time, ex: trilobites and ammonites

evidence for activities, ex: footprints

turned into stone

preserved remains

amber, tar, ice

Law of Superposition

oldest rocks at the bottom, youngest at the top

formed by erosion, new rock meets really old rock

Geologic Time Scale

record of event and organisms that have occurred throughout Earth's history

Precambrian Time

makes up about 88 % of earth's history; when the oceans, atmosphere, and continents were formed

many animals lived in the ocean, began with "Cambrian Explosion" of life

Age of Reptiles, dinosaurs

water, wind, ice, or gravity, moving weathered earth materials

Increase in CO2 and temperature, ocean acidification, shrinking ice sheets

Natural selection

variation in traits, genes are inherited, organisms with the more advantageous traits will reproduce and survive

Mechanical weathering

breaking down of rocks by physical forces, like pressure, ice wedging, freezing and thawing

Chemical weathering

breaking down of rocks by chemicals, like water, acid, and oxidation

amount of freshwater on earth

amount of salt water on earth

found where fresh water dumps into the ocean, has brackish water

cold water comes up and brings nutrients with it

intertidal zone

ocean zone from the high tide line to the low tide line, organisms here must withstand changes in air, temperature, and water

ocean zone from the low tide line to the edge of the continental shelf

where upwelling occurs

open ocean zone

ocean's deepest zone; has three light zones: surface, transition, deep

two most abundant gases in the ocean

carbon dioxide and oxygen

remotely operated vehicle, underwater robot that explores the ocean

underwater vehicle that people can ride in to explore the ocean

aquatic food web

terrestrial food web

interconnectedness between aquatic and terrestrial food webs

person eats fish, shark eats Kevin, piranha eats Diquan, bear eats a salmon

dissolved oxygen

oxygen dissolved into the water from the air and released from plants and algae

nitrogen, oxygen, and phosphorous compounds that plants need to grow

"death of a lake," can be caused by an increase in nitrates

living organisms that show whether the water is good or bad, e. coli is bad

non-point source pollution

run off, can't tell where it is coming from

point source pollution

you know exactly where it was coming from

very reactive, explode with water

alkaline earth metals

reactive, burn different colors

carry heat or electricity

can be bent or hammered into different shapes

can be pulled into wires

ability to dissolve

the solid that forms when two liquids are mixed together

law of conservation of matter

matter cannot be created or destroyed, during chemical reactions the reactants = the products

caused by a mutagen, the DNA is mutated

body doesn't produce enough insulin or use it correctly

caused by alcohol or chemicals like thalidomide

respiratory passages constrict and do not allow air through

amount of crop harvested in a certain amount of time

produce salt during chemical reactions

elements that don't form compounds with other elements

number of protons, number of electrons

mass number - atomic number

positive, found in nucleus

no charge, found in nucleus

negative, orbit around atom

renewable energy source

not limited: solar, hydro, wind

nonrenewable energy source

limited energy source- fossil fuels

pros and cons of solar

no pollution, renewable
technology isn't efficient at gathering it, not at night or when cloudy, expensive

renewable, no pollution
noise, effects birds, some people don't like the way they look, only when windy

pros cons nuclear

lots of cheap energy
small amount of radioactive waste, people scared of it

pros cons hydropower

cheap, lots of energy, renewable
effects nature, floods land

cheap
lots of pollution, nonrenewable

eats other things

breaks down dead stuff

live in habitat together, don't effect each other

organisms helping each other- school of fish, herd of gazelle

where both species benefit- sea anemone and clown fish

nonliving things

where one organism benefits and the other is effected negatively

outbreak of disease in one place

outbreak of disease that has spread across the globe

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