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PS 100 FINAL

Terms in this set (70)

a philosophy that holds that human beings can know only that which is based on observable, scientific facts, and data derived from experience is called ___
positivism
which author wrote that rulers are bound by a system of law that legitimizes their authority?
Thomas Aquinas
which political thinker believed that people in the state of nature were doomed to live a life that is "solitary, poore, nasty, brutish, and short."
Thomas Hobbes
the post-behavioral approach to political science inspired by economic is ___
rational choice
the ability of one political actor to get another political actor to do or not do something is known as ___
power
the sub-field of political science that examines institutional and behavioral questions specifically in the American context is known as
American politics
which of the following philosophers does not argue that the purpose of government exists to represent individuals?
Aristotle
____ political science asks should questions; in other words, it is prescriptive rather than descriptive or explanatory (e.g., what limits should there be on power?)
normative
____ political science asks how/why questions and is more descriptive/explanatory than prescriptive
empirical
which political thinker believed that people in the state of nature enjoy certain natural, inalienable rights, especially the rights to life, liberty, and property?
John Locke
capitalism is compatible with the principles of
liberal democracy, democratic socialism, and classic liberalism
the author of A New View of Society is _____
Robert Owen
in modern liberal democracies, when the people's representatives act as trustees:
representatives have discretion to diverge somewhat from the will of their constituents
who of the following is an example of a utopian socialist?
Robert Owen
which of the following is not an operative ideal of liberal democracy in the United States?
government by a wise elite
which of the following theorists was responsible for the idea of democratic centralism?
V.I. Lenin
Karl Marx wrote which of the following books?
Das Kapital
which operative ideal of liberal democracy establishes the rules of what the government can and cannot do?
constitutional government
dictatorship of the proletariat means that ____
the workers rule
which two groups promote laissez-faire economies?
conservatives and libertarians
which component of the scientific method consists of observable information about the world?
data
the variable that influences another variable is known as the
independent variable
which of the following is not a strength of a quantitative research design?
unmeasured variables
in which component of the scientific method does a researcher identify research questions, define concepts, and define relationships?
theory
which level of analysis focuses on the individual?
micro-level
the concept that a condition or behavior exists or takes place because of the influence of another factor is known as
causation
the co-occurrence of two observable phenomena is known as
correlation
which component of the scientific method consists of conclusions drawn from the research process?
inference
which component of the scientific method is a testable implication of a proposed relationship?
hypothesis
which of the following is not a strength of a qualitative research design?
potential for tracing causal pathways
a ____ is an agreement, usually written and enforceable by law, between two or more people to do something
contract
the fundamental right, found in the U.S. constitution, that protects people from illegal detention or imprisonment is called the ____
writ of habeas corpus
____ is a system of government characterized by a totalitarian ideology, dictatorial leadership, an oppressive one-party system, and the glorification of the state and its people
fascism
which of the following does not have a unitary government?
United States
a presidential veto can be overridden by a ____
two-thirds vote in each chamber
a member of the U.S. House of Representatives serves for ____ before having to run for reelection
two years
which of the following government institutions has the symbolic function of giving democratic legitimacy to government policies?
the legislature
the idea that power is divided between branches of government is called ____
separation of powers
which of the following decisions would involve a tort case?
the judge decides that the defendant is liable for damages suffered by the plaintiff
U.S senators serve terms of ____
six years
____ refers to the idea that values, attitudes, habits, and behavior patterns are important to understanding the politics of a country
political culture
____ refers to government provisions for or contributions to individual needs for employment, income, food, housing, health care, and literacy
welfare
which of the following is not an informal political institution?
protection of rights
which of the following is not a strategy that can be employed by interest groups?
none of the above (lobbying lawmakers, demonstrations, violent protests)
which of the following is not a central characteristic of polyarchal government?
all politics is local
____ is a form of government whereby political power is distributed between localities and a central government
federalism
the idea that power is divided between branches of government is called ____
separation of powers
____ is the expression of political actors' needs, interests, and desires
interest articulation
____ are the people who have power in a political or economic system
elites
in American politics, when we refer to the actors working behind the political scenes to get actors elected and advocate for certain policies, we are referring to
the party organization
countries in Eastern Europe that are converting from communist to free market economic systems are sometimes referred to as ____
emerging economies
foreign direct investment (FDI) is the phrase used to refer to
the establishment of business operations by a multinational corporation in a foreign country
for over forty years, the post-World War II international system was characterized as ____
bipolar
which theory examines the distribution of power, defined as material capabilities, among nation-states?
neo-realism
which of the following is an example of soft power?
a US president's ability to persuade other leaders to sign a trade agreement
which of the following statements reflects a principle of realism?
national interest is the main motive for nation-states in international politics
which are the most important actors in the international system according to the theory of realism
nation-states
Dag Hammarskjold, secretary general of the United Nations from 1953 to 1961, was a major architect of ____
preventative diplomacy
the term civil war refers to
armed conflict among factions inside a nation-state
two-level games and democratic theory are two examples of ____ theories
liberal
greenhouse gas emission reduction is an example of a policy area that is subject to a ____ because all benefit from global reduction of emissions, but reducing emissions is individually very costly
collective action problem
a country's ____ provides an incentive not to free ride on international agreements for fear of negative consequences in the future
reputation
which of the following represents a major ecological challenge?
all of the above (population growth, global warming, and deforestation)
a ____ is any beneficial side effect of a policy decision or phenomenon. For example, cleaner air is a(n) ____ of any agreement that succeeds in curbing greenhouse gases
positive externality
____ refers to the challenge that arises when actors are faced a situation where they will all be better off if they cooperate with one another, but where each has an incentive not to cooperate
collective action problem
the metaphor of the tragedy of the commons was originated by
Garrett Harden
which of the following is an example of a real-world scenario to which the tragedy of the commons can be applied?
all of the above (pollution in the atmosphere, grazing pastures for cows and other animals, and clean water sources)
the ____ is the phenomenon whereby heat becomes trapped in earth's atmosphere by heat-absorbing gases
greenhouse effect
in the US, what is the most accurate description (based on polling) of public opinion on climate change?
most people agree that global warming is happening or will happen, but there are sharp partisan divisions over whether or not it is a serious problem
the largest contribution of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere are ____
the United States and China
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