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Bio 152 Exam 2 Review Q's

Terms in this set (50)

If the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus experiences a cost for maintaining one or more antibiotic-resistance genes, what would happen in environments that lack antibiotics?
A. these genes would be maintained in case the antibiotics appear
B. the number of genes conveying antibiotic resistance would increase in these bacteria
C. these bacteria would be outcompeted and replaced by bacteria that have lost these genes
D. these bacteria would try to make the cost worthwhile by locating and migrating to microenvironments where traces of antibiotics are present
C. these bacteria would be outcompeted and replaced by bacteria that have lost these genes
Why are homologous traits similar?
A. they are derived from a common ancestor
B. They are derived from different ancestors
C. They result from convergent evolution
D. None of the above
A. they are derived from a common ancestor
In many species of animals, mature males are larger than mature females. The size difference is attributed to:
i. Male-male competition
ii. Female choice of larger males
iii. Female choice based on extravagant displays
iv. Selection for honest indicators
v. the mechanism of the handicap principle
A. i and iv
B. i and iii
C. ii and v
D. ii and iv
E. i and ii
D. i and ii ( male-male competition and female choice of larger males)
When retinal changes from the cis to trans conformation it causes:
A. photons to interact with cGMP
B. Rhodopsin to change shape
C. Rhodopsin to be released by the cell via exocytosis
D. Photons to interact with cGMP
B. Rhodopsin to change shape
In black-tipped hanging flies, males court females by presenting a dead insect as a nuptial gift. In hammerkop bowerbirds, males court females by building decorated bowers. In both species, biologists have shown that female choice of mates is based on differences in courtship behavior (i.e. the gifts or bowers). For most evolutionary theorists, the evolution of the observed pattern of female choice is harder to explain in the bowerbird than in the hanging fly because"
A. the female bowerbird gains a material benefit from her mate
B. flight in bowerbirds is more energetically expensive
C. the behavior of vertebrates is generally harder to explain than the behavior of insects
D. reproductive success is correlated with strength and body size in the bowerbirds, but not in the hanging fly
E. none of the answers are correct
E. none of the answers are correct
If your outer ears (the part you put earrings in) were larger, you would:
A. lose the ability to hear low amplitude high frequency sounds
B. be able to hear sounds at lower amplitudes (softer sounds)
C. not experience any difference in your hearing ability
D. None of the answers are correct
B. be able to hear sounds at lower amplitudes (softer sounds)
Gaps in the fossil record are:
A. one of the most relevant critiques of evolution
B. Are being constantly filled by the continual work of paleontologists
C. Are differences in the teeth of mammals
D. Are fossils that only show part of the skeleton
B. Are being constantly filled by the continual work of paleontologists
The perceived pitch of a sound depends on _______.
A. which part of the oval window produces waves in the cochlear fluid
B. Whether or not the listener has had training in music
C. which part of the tympanic membrane is being vibrated by sound waves
D. whether or not the sound moves the incus, malleus, and stapes
E. Which region of the basilar membrane is vibrated by the motion of fluid in the duct
E. Which region of the basilar membrane is vibrated by the motion of fluid in the duct
Which is our closest and most distant relative?
A. Closest = gibbon, most distant = gorilla
B. Closest = gorilla, most distant = gibbon
C. Closest = orangutan, most distant = chimp
D. Closest = chimp, most distant = gibbon
D. Closest = chimp, most distant = gibbon
The inability of organisms to evolve anything that could be an advantage reflects __________.
A. the limits of historical constraints
B. the inability to compromise
C. the consequence of random mutations
D. the consequence of inbreeding
A. the limits of historical constraints
DDT was once considered a "silver bullet" that would permanently eradicate insect pests. Instead, DDT is largely useless against many insects. Which of these would have prevented this evolution of DDT resistance in insect pests?
A. Larger does of DDT should have been applied from the air, into the water, and within the soil
B. None of the insect pests would have genetic variations that resulted in DDT resistance
C. DDT application should have been continual
D. All habitats should have received applications of DDT at about the same time
E. The frequency of DDT application should have been higher
B. None of the insect pests would have genetic variations that resulted in DDT resistance
The black spot on the tail of the long-tailed weasel is probably an adaptation to:
A. direct predator strikes at an area of the body with low vulnerability
B. a lure to attract r=prey
C. an evolutionary mistake
D. None of the above
A. direct predator strikes at an area of the body with low vulnerability
The male long-tailed widowbird has an extremely long tail (through the female of the species does not). The male's tail is so big that it seems to make flying difficult and energy-consuming, and the long tail must also make the male quite conspicuous to predators. According to the concept of sexual selection, this seemingly detrimental feature evolved because:
A. the reproductive benefit of a long tail is larger than its cost in reduced survival
B. long tails distract attacking predators, so long-tailed males survive longer than short-tailed males because they are more likely to survive a predator's attack
C. long-tailed males have, on average, a shorter life than short-tailed males, and the long-tailed males, on average, father fewer offspring
D. the long tail is unlikely to negatively affect male survival, because if it did, it would never have evolved
A. the reproductive benefit of a long tail is larger than its cost in reduced survival
In the "Why sex?" documentary, why did the sexually reproducing fish become clone-like in their genetic diversity after a drought? As a result of:
A. a red Queen genetic transition
B. an adaptive radiation
C. a bottlenecking event
D. All of the answers are correct
C. a bottlenecking event
A light-receptor cell becomes hyperpolarized in response to a flash of light, which of the following could explain why this hyperpolarization occurs?
A. The light promotes an influx of sodium ions into the receptor cell
B. The light promotes the opening of sodium ion channels
C. The light promotes the closing of sodium ion channels
D. The light promotes an efflux of chloride ions
C. The light promotes the closing of sodium ion channels
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