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Urinary system

Terms in this set (58)

urinary system
Cleanses the blood. Rids the body of wastes. Maintains salt and water balance. Made up of kidneys, renal pelvis, ureters, bladder and urethra.
excretory sytem
System that removes excess and unnecessary materials from the body of an organism.
kidney system
blood enters from an afferent arteriole into the glomerulus, where pressure forces water and solutes through capillary walls into bowman's capsule, like a sieve. rbc and proteins cannot pass through and remain in the blood.
Remove waste products and medicines from the body.
Balance the body's fluids.
Balance a variety of electrolytes.
Release hormones to control blood pressure.
Release a hormone to control red blood cell production.
Functions of urinary system
micturition
act of passing urine
adrenal glands
a pair of endocrine glands that sit just above the kidneys and secrete hormones (epinephrine and norepinephrine) that help arouse the body in times of stress.
medulla (urinary system)
regulate concentration of the urine. The urine flows from the collecting ducts into the renal calyces and pelvis, which undergoes unidirectional peristaltic movements to allow drainage of the urine into the downstream ureter and bladder.
renal cortex
outer layer of the kidney, space for arterioles and venules from the renal artery and vein, as well as the glomerular capillaries, to perfuse the nephrons of the kidney.
Calyx
cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis, minor one collects urine from renal papillae, and the major one send urine to the ureters
renal pelvis
central collecting region in the kidney
ureter
A duct leading from the kidney to the urinary bladder.
Urinary Bladder
saclike organ in which urine is stored before being excreted
external urethral sphincter
skeletal muscle, voluntary (D)
internal urethral sphincter
involuntary smooth muscle (C)
detrusor muscle
Smooth muscle that compresses the urinary bladder and expels urine into the urethra.
nephron
functional unit of the kidney
diueresis
increased excretion of urine
dysuria
painful or difficult urination
enuresis (nocturia)
involuntary discharge of urine
pyelonephritis
inflammation of the renal pelvis and the kidney
pyuria
presence of pus in the urine
hematuria
blood in the urine
Aquaporins
water channel proteins
juxtamedullary nephrons
nephrons with well-developed loops of Henle that extend deeply into the renal medulla
cortical nephrons
85% of all nephrons
short nephron loops
efferent arterioles branch into peritubular capillaries around PCT and DCT
Bowmen's capsule
surrounding glomerulus; lined with simple squamous epithelia
renal corpuscle
filters blood plasma
afferent arteriole
The small artery that carries blood toward the capillaries of the glomerulus.
efferent arteriole
carries blood away from the glomerulus
proximal convoluted tubule
first section of the renal tubule that the blood flows through; reabsorption of water, ions, and all organic nutrients
Loop of Henle
section of the nephron tubule that conserves water and minimizes the volume of urine
distal convuluted tubule (DCT)
Connects with the kidney's collecting tubules.
peritubular capillaries
The network of tiny blood vessels that surrounds the proximal and distal tubules in the kidney
vasa recta
the capillary system in the kidney that serves the loop of Henle
Collecting Ducts
several nephrons share a collecting duct which serve to carry urine to the renal pelvis
Filtration
A process that separates materials based on the size of their particles.
reabsoprtion
process whereby renal tubules return materials necessary to the body back into the bloodstream
secretion in the urinary system
substances in the blood are transported into the filtrate
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
compensatory process that leads to increased blood pressure and blood volume to ensure perfusion of the kidneys; important in the continual regulation of blood pressure
juxtagomerular apparatus
the structure contained in the nephron and made up of the macula densa and juxtaglomerular cells, renin, angiotenssin
Angiotensinogen
a plasma protein produced by the liver
Angiotensin 1
formed by conversion of angiotensinogen by renin; causes vasoconstriction and in increase in blood pressure; is converted to angiotensin 2 in the lungs
Angiotensin II
increases blood pressure by stimulating kidneys to reabsorb more water and by releasing aldosterone
anuria
absence of urine production
polyuria
excessive urination
oligouria
Decreased urine output
incontinence
inability to control urination
suppression of urine
kidneys are not making any urine
retention of urine
accumulation of urine in the bladder because of an inability to urinate
cystitis
inflammation of the bladder
urine components
95% water, urea, inorganic minerals, ammonia
ammonia + CO2
urea is composed of
creatine in urine
test to determine the level of creatine in the urine
uric acid
nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine
urobillinogen
bacteria degrade billirubin= brown color=feces color
stercobilin
breakdown product of bilirubin that gives feces its brown color
urobilin
brown pigment formed by the oxidation of urobilinogen
Kidney stones
Solid crystalline masses formed in the kidney, resulting from an excess of insoluble salts or uric acid crystallizing in the urine; may become trapped anywhere along the urinary tract.
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