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Mr. Zarra- Energy

Terms in this set (76)

Potential (height) and Kinetic (motion) energy
are mechanical energy
Light, Heat, Sound, Chemical (chemical bonds), electrical (movement of electrons)
are non-mechanical energy
hydro (water), solar, wind, geothermal, hydrogen fuel, *biomass
renewable energy
Coal, oil, natural gas (fossil fuels), nuclear*
non-renewable energy
Laws of Thermodynamics
- Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed
- When energy is used or transformed, some is lost as heat. Entropy (disorder) is always increasing, energy is becoming less usable/lower quality over time.
- Entropy at absolute zero, there is no motion
Universal unit of energy
Joule (J)
Unit of electricity
Watts (W)
Shift in energy usage
- first was biomass
- industrial revolution switched to coal and petroleum
Cogeneration
- the process of producing electricity from steam and utilizing the extra heat (which is usually lost to the environment) at the same time
- more efficient
- used in homes
Developed country trends in energy usage
- use more energy than undeveloped countries
- use almost all of the renewable energy
Mining causes.....
- major erosion, habitat destruction
- Acid mine drainage/acid rain (run off/released gases)
- Particulate matter (causes cancer)
- Increased greenhouse gas emissions (burning coal)
Pros of fracking
- as much air pollution as coal and oil (methane burns completely)
Four stages of coal formation
(PLBA- Pete loves baked apples)
- Peat: Decayed vegetations; low heat content, high moisture content
- Lignite: formed by pressure from above sediments; low heat content
- Bituminous: "Soft coal." Added pressure makes it more compact, used as fuel for heat and electricity; high heat content, high sulfur content
- Anthracite: "Hard coal." Oldest, most desirable for fuel and heating; highest heat content, lowest moisture content, less sulfur
Oil and gas formation
- usually in marine environments
- from a source rock (with organic matter)
- oil forms first, gas second (needs higher temp. and deeper)
- they go up once formed, some get trapped in cap rock (most don't get trapped, released into air)
What is fracking
- Mixture of water, sand, and chemicals pumped into ground
- (Methane) natural gas rises and collected
- Risks aquifer contamination
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