22/23 Ch. 13 Medical Terms #1-20

acromegaly
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Terms in this set (20)
acromegaly
A rare chronic disease characterized by abnormal enlargement of the extremities (hands and feet) caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone after puberty.
Addison's disease
A condition that occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough of the hormones cortisol or aldosterone.
adrenalitis
Inflammation of the adrenal glands.
aldosteronism
An abnormality of electrolyte balance caused by excessive secretion of aldosterone.
antidiuretic hormone
The hormone that helps control blood pressure by reducing the amount of water that is excreted through the kidneys.
calcitonin
A hormone that works with the parathyroid hormone to decrease calcium levels in the blood and tissues.
Conn's syndrome
A disorder of the adrenal glands due to excessive production of aldosterone.
cortisol
A hormone that has an anti-inflammatory action; it also regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the body.
cretinism
A congenital form of hypothyroidism that, if not treated soon after birth, causes arrested physical and mental development
Cushing's syndrome
A condition caused by the overproduction of cortisol by the body or by taking corticosteroids to treat inflammatory diseases such as asthma and rheumatoid arthritis; also known as hypercortisolism.
diabetes insipidusA condition caused by insufficient production of the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or by the inability of the kidneys to respond to ADH.diabetes mellitusA group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both.diabetic retinopathyInjury to the eye that occurs when diabetes damages the tiny blood vessels in the retina of the eye.electrolytesMineral substances, such as sodium and potassium, normally found in the blood.epinephrineA hormone that stimulates the sympathetic nervous system in response to physical injury or to mental stress such as fear; also known as adrenaline.estrogenA hormone with an important role in the development and maintenance of the female secondary sex characteristics and the regulation of the menstrual cycle.exophthalmosAn abnormal protrusion of the eyeball out of the orbit.follicle-stimulating hormoneThe hormone that stimulates the secretion of estrogen and the growth of ova (eggs) in the ovaries of the female. In the male, it stimulates the production of sperm in the testicles (testes).fructosamine testA blood test that measures average glucose levels over the past 3 weeks.gestational diabetes mellitusThe form of diabetes that occurs during some pregnancies