CH 203 Final

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Explain what Jacob Riis's How the Other Half Lives illustrates about the Gilded Age.
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Terms in this set (27)
Explain what Jacob Riis's How the Other Half Lives illustrates about the Gilded Age.
Jacob Riis showed the dark side of the gilded age. He produced pictures that the upper and middle classes could not avoid any longer. He appealed to the middle class with a christian understanding of poverty, creating a sense of brotherly passion.
How does Edward Bellamy construct his thesis through the metaphor of the coach in Looking Backward: 2000-1887 ​(1888)? In what ways does this metaphor challenge the American Dream?
The people on top of the stagecoach resemble the rich, comfortable in their position on the coach and is society. The rich were also hesitant to help the people who were pulling the stagecoach, the poor. The rich did not want to loose their seats. This showed that this was the only way people knew society functioned. The rich people also believed to be better and made of finer clay, thinking they were higher than those dragging the coach. The American dream represents endless opportunities for all, regardless of class, however. the metaphor shows the realities of the American dream and shows freedom as a zero sum game: the rich are free at the expense of the poor.
What is philanthropy capitalism? In regards to addressing the socio economic problems of the Gilded Age, how does the work of Jacob Riis and Edward Bellamy differ from philanthropy capitalism?
The philantropy of capitalism is the principles of private owned capital and relying on these owners to give back and file the problems of health and agriculture. Although they are giving back, they are giving back to gain something, they won't have to pay major taxes. Bellamy's work supports the idea that the country would benefit more from publicly owned capital. Riis's work exposed the effects of capitalism through his photographs. This differs from philanthropy capitalism because these two are doing something and not expecting anything in return.
Define Du Bois's notion of "double-consciousness." How does the image of the veil help communicate this concept?
Double - Consciousness is the struggle of a Black man in America between his negro identity and his American one. They are forced to live in a country that accommodates for white people and that is the only world they can see themselves through. The veils symbolizes the cover separating whites from blacks. Although they are living in the same country, they live in very separate worlds.
Explain Booker T. Washington's metaphor of the hand and the fingers in his "Atlanta Compromise" Address (1895).
The use of the word hands directly relates to slavery and labor. He wanted to tell the African American community that they have the power to use their hands and change the circumstances they are in and the social normalities. He needed to remind them that they were free. The whites took this metaphor as a continuation of social order and marginalized labor laws and blacks used this metaphor as an opportunity to use their hands and build up their own opportunities.
Describe the key philosophical differences between W.E.B. Du Bois's The Souls of Black Folk (1903) and Booker T. Washington's "Atlanta Compromise" address (1895).
Booker T. Washington: Wanted African Americans to work within the system of white America and cooperate. He accepted discrimination and preached to elevate their workmanship to climb up.

WEB Dubois: pushed for political action of Back Americans through self advocacy and education. He believed oppression could be broken if they educate the masses and that civil disobedience was the only way to liberate oneself from the horror of racisms and discrimination in the US.
Describe how Ida B. Wells challenges the widespread faith in "progress" in the nineteenth century.
She exposed many lynching cases and the unwritten rule of lynching of a black man if he committed a crime. She points out that not much progress has been done since the abolition of slavery.
Explain Langston Hughes's concept of the racial mountain as described in "The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain" (1926)
The mountain explains why he does not want to be a black poet. He just wants to be a poet, not a black poet. He also explains the racial mountain as an urge within the race. towards whiteness.
Define colorism and explain how it functions in Zora Neale Hurston's Color Struck (1926).
The idea of colorism is when someone is being judged based on the color of their skin. In the play, John begins saying stuff about finding a colored doctor. This is because he believes Emma needs a colored doctor. Emma also believes that John is only polite to some people because they are white or half white. This judgment and how people are treated is based solely on their skin color.
Describe modernism and explain how Gertrude Stein's writing exhibits qualities associated with modernism.
Modernism is a form of art through movement and expression, rather than just portraying things how they are in real life. Uses emotions as a way of representing the world or how the artist saw it. With the use of plain language and rather than communicating a very straightforward story, Stein's work proposes a more complex understanding, requiring more of an analytical approach to comprehension.
Describe the philosophical differences between Alain Locke's The New Negro (1925) and Fire!! (1926).The approaches that they take to describe the new black identity during the Harlem Renaissance is different Locke: thinks that the era will have a gradual progression of racial uplift and will create new self determination in young African Americans. Fire!!: takes a more racial approach as a time to press the new negro movement. Jazz is an example of a way African Americans express themselves .Describe Chaplin's disagreement with Gandhi regarding technology. Then, briefly explain how Gandhi's thoughts can be seen in Modern Times.Chaplin at first encouraged technological advancements and thinks it would free humankind from work suffrage. Gandhi saw how many people would starve because they did not have jobs. Charlie then becomes skeptical about technology and depicts it as a dehumanizing force, the assembly line. The scene with chaplain shows the absurdity.Why did John Maynard Keynes believe that technological progress would reduce the need for work? Why was this estimation incorrect?He believed technology would hurt the economy, but save the world's economic problems. He thought that less people, less payment. Faster machinery, more production. Wages did nor increase with economic growth.Describe Diego Rivera's ambivalence regarding technology. How is this ambivalence apparent in Detroit Industry (1932/33)?He reflects on the. good and. bad of technology. He explains that technology can make planes for better transportation, however, it can also used to create mass distractions. He shows how workers were creating gasses. He believed technology could make the world a better place, but it could also destroy it.Explain what you see as the key differences between Miné Okubo's drawings and written sketches and Dorothea Lange's photographs and captions of Japanese and Japanese American incarceration.Both show interpretation of the internment camps. Photos: you can see the exact evidence of what is going on. There is no subjectiveness, you are seeing the scenes for yourself. You can also actually see the in the moment expressions of people in the camps. These are real life feelings and accurate portrayals of what was going on. Drawings: See Okubo's prospected of the living conditions and see the story through her eyes. You can see what she felt about the living conditions and. the expressions on all of the faces. This allows us to see the subjective views of someone who has been in their first hand.How does Malcolm X define black nationalism in "The Ballot or the Bullet" (1964)He defines it as self-help philosophies. He believes black men should control the politics in his own community. It also means they should own, operate, and control the economy of their community. He emphasizes the importance of re-edcuation to make black. people aware of the importance of knowing when and where to spend the dollar, not outside the community. He also says, if you are black, you should think black.Describe Malcolm X's criticism of civil rights in "The Ballot or the Bullet" (1964).He thinks the civil rights movement is trapped in the power structure and systems of the US. He see the path as an international form of black liberation beyond the US. He wanted to change civil rights to human rights. Malcolm argued that more was at stake than the civil right to sit in a restaurant or even to vote—the most important issues were Black identity, integrity, and independence.Explain the differences between how Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X describe their respective philosophies' relationships to the United States.MLK: believed that by protesting, by organizing sit-ins, by boycotting, and so on, we can create a situation that is disruptive enough so that it has to be confronted and discussions will finally start. He also claimed that no progress has been made without such nonviolent disruptions, that the treatment of black people in America of his time hadn't improved without his methods. Malcom X: seemed to want to make a separate space run by black people. And this might seem obvious, but they both fully believed it's their way that will make the correct changes the country needed.Describe the impact that photographs of Emmett Till's body had on the civil rights movement. How does this example compare to the effect of other photographs we've looked at this semester (of Douglass or Whitman or by Riis or Lange)The photographs brought desperation and anger for those already fighting's, and forces the other classes to not ignore what was going on anymore. This represented a national crisis and the pictures showed true emotion that reached much of the nation. This related to Lane's depictions of the internment camps.Describe the difference between Gloria Anzaldúa's notion of "Borderlands / La Frontera" and Frederick Jackson Turner's and Thomas Jefferson's understandings of the US frontier.Jefferson: sees frontier as a wild and dangerous place but sees is as a necessary place to conquer for development. Also sees it as a border. Gloria: sees it as her home here she is represented by her language of Chicano Spanish and English. She sees this language and culture defining a person not the border between US and Mexico.Define third-wave feminism. How is this wave different from the first two waves? And how does Gloria Anzaldúa's writing exemplify third-wave feminism? (Module 13)Asserts the roles of women and their class, sexuality, and race. The first were only concerned with white women, voting rights, and rights in workplace. Gloria snuggled with the idea the there language was incorrect because she finds a piece of identity in her language. She showed the. third wave of feminism by standing up for her race and culture.Describe how Cathy Park Hong believes multiple cultures and languages can coexist without embracing what she calls "some facile vision of multicultural oneness."she believes in cross cultural inspiration. If we are restricted to our lanes, culture will die. She also says that instead of speaking about a culture, speak nearby a culture. You need to acknowledge the possible gap between the culture and. leave space for representation. You also have to confront the distance between so that you can learn above the cultures.Define "thrownness." In what sense does either Leslie Feinberg or David Wojnarowicz represent the principle of "thrownness" in their work?it is the idea that we cannot moose where we are placed in the world. Much of our lives is dependent on what is out of our control. Feinberg shows is by him being thrown into a world where homosexual doesn't represent sexuality but a lower social class. David shows it by showing this little kid is thrown into a world where he will have to either be suppressed or ridiculed for speaking out.Explain what David Wojnarowicz means by "the World" and "the Other World" in Close to the Knives (1991).The other world: reality of the world filled with rules, societal expectations, and traditions that are welded deep into the foundation of the history. The world: where boundaries are stretched and imagination is encoded into the other world.How does Roy in Tony Kushner's Angels in America (1991) separate the label "homosexual" from sexuality? What does the term mean to him? And what's the significance of his separation of homosexuality from sexual preference?Homosexuality represents how he gets treated in society. He relates it to clout and how homosexuals are men who struggle to survive in society and bound to lower classes. It is more of a label than sexual preference.Describe the differences between how George W. Bush and Osama bin Laden, respectively, described the underlying causes of the September 11, 2001 attacks on the Pentagon and the World Trade Center.George Bush: Described how the nation was under attack because Al Qaeda hated us for our freedoms. Osama bin Laden: explains how it isn't about freedom. It is about the US military occupations in Iraq and Palestine. It is the atomic bomb droppings in WWII and war crimes that went unpunished. It is about military occupations and economic sanctions in the Middle East. He said the Israel invasion in Lebanon gave him the idea to attack the Twin Towers.Thinking in terms of 9/11 as an unprecedented historical event vs. a crisis with a long history, describe how Joy Harjo represents September 11 in "When the World as We Knew It Ended"she explains how we are dreaming on an occupied island, reminding people that they are on occupied land that was once inhabited from the natives. She says that 9/11 awoke her from a dream where she dreamt the US wasn't an empire full of hopes and dreams and shows us how the Us population would not be here without much of the violence shown over the course of time.