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Semester Test - science

Terms in this set (95)

Name one form of energy associated with the particles that make up objects.

Thermal (Short answer)

Describe the two basic kinds of energy

First there is kinetic which is the energy an object has due to its motion and then there is potential which is energy that results from an objects position or shape. (SHort answer)

Describe how energy and power are related.

Energy is the transferring of work and power if the rate at which it is transferring. (SHort answer)

What two variables determine kinetic energy?

Mass and Speed (Velocity)

A girl who weighs 30 kg is inline skating at a speed of 5 m/s. What is the girl's kinetic energy? (KE = 1/2 mv^2)

A hat that weighs 5 Newtons is hanging from a hook 1.5 meters above the floor. How much gravitational potential energy does the hat have? (PE = mgh)

How can you determine an object's mechanical energy?

Mechanical energy is the sum of its kinetic energy and its potential energy

A change from one form of energy to another

energy transformation

When one form of energy is transformed to another, no energy is lost in the process

Law conversion of energy

An energy transformation is occurring only with the ball at the top of the peak?

As the ball rises from point 1 to point 4, it slows down

Kinetic energy is transformed to potential energy from point 4 to point 5.

Fusion reactions in the sun change nuclear energy into

electromagnetic energy

A baseball in play has its lowest gravitational potential energy

after it hits the ground

In a pendulum, a continuous change occurs between kinetic energy and

Potential ENergy

Energy can be neither destroyed nor

Your body changes chemical energy into what kind of energy as you walk up stairs

Whenever a moving object experiences friction, some of its kinetic energy is changed into

When you use a match to light a candle, multiple what of energy occurs

transformations

Match each illustration with the correct form(s) of energy: The stove is on with bread baking in it.

electrical energy

thermal energy

chemical energy

electromagnetic energy

Match each illustration with the correct form(s) of energy: Think the bike and the person

mechanical energy

thermal energy

chemical energy

Match each illustration with the correct form(s) of energy: It is plugged in with bread down in the toaster.

mechanical energy

electrical energy

thermal energy

chemical energy

electromagnetic energy

Match each illustration with the correct form(s) of energy: Light Bulb plugging in

electrical energy

thermal energy

electromagnetic energy

Match each illustration with the correct form(s) of energy: The Sun

thermal energy

nuclear energy

electromagnetic energy

Match each illustration with the correct form(s) of energy: Matches

mechanical energy

thermal energy

chemical energy

electromagnetic energy

To find an object's mechanical energy, add its

kinetic and potential energy

A form of energy NOT associated with the particles of objects is

mechanical energy

Nuclear fusion reactions occur in

Electromagnetic energy travels through space in the form of

Lightning is a form of __________________ energy.

electromagnetic energy

The _______________ the temperature of an object, the lower its thermal energy.

Electrical energy is energy due to the motion and or position of _______________

Electric charges

The ability to do work or cause change

the energy an object has due to its motion

gravitational potential energy

potential energy related to an object's height

elastic potential energy

energy associated with objects that can be compressed or stretched

The kinetic energy of an object is equal to one half its mass multiplied by its speed__

Label for Energy

Label for Force

Label for height

A change in an object's speed has a ________ effect on its kinetic energy than a change in its mass.

When you do work on an object, some of your energy is ____________ to that object

At the peak of the mountain, the climber has ________ energy.

The lowest point of a transverse wave

An area where the coils or particles are close together

The ability to do work

Points of zero amplitude on a standing wave

The number of waves that pass a given point in a certain amount of time

The distance between two corresponding parts of a wave

The bending of waves due to a change in speed

Points of maximum amplitude on a standing wave

Vibrates the medium in the same direction in which the wave travels

The maximum distance the medium vibrate from their rest position

Describe destructive interference.

Destructive interference is the interference between two waves crests and troughs. If the crest has a bigger amplitude than the other waves trough, it will create a crest with a smaller amplitude than the original one. If the trough is the one with the bigger amplitude, it will create a trough with a smaller amplitude than the original. If both the crest and the trough have the same amplitude, they would cancel each other out. (Short answer)

A disturbance that transfers energy from place to place

The highest point of a transverse wave

A repeated back-and-forth or up-and-down motion

When a wave hits a surface, any part of the wave that cannot pass through the surface bounces back

Number of waves per second

When a wave moves around a barrier or through an opening in a barrier, it bends and spreads out

Describe constructive interference.

Constructive interference is the interference of two waves which create bigger amplitudes. If one waves crests meets another waves crest it would simply combine both of their amplitudes creating one big crest. As it goes for troughs too, two troughs would make a deeper trough than both the original ones. (Short answer)

A wave that appears to stand in one place, even though it is really two waves interfering as they pass through each other

A wave that causes the medium to vibrate at right angles or perpendicular to the direction in which the wave travels

What are the three types of waves?

The three types are transverse waves, surface waves, and longitudinal waves. (Short Answer)

A wave that requires a medium through which to travel

Material through which a wave travels

The interaction between waves that meet

Make sure to know the order of the waves, it may be backwards as well so make sure to know it both ways.

Radio waves, microwaves, infrared waves, visible light, ultra-violet waves, x-rays, gamma rays

What are electromagnetic wave made of?

Vibrating electric and magnetic fields. (Short Answer)

Describe how a cell phone works.

The sending cellphone sends out high frequency microwaves, which send to a tower, the tower then sends those waves to a hub and depending on how far the receiving phone is, it may send it to another hub or tower. Then one the receiving phone get's the wave it will ring with the call. (Short ANswer)

How are radio waves transmitted?

The broadcast radio station transforms music into radio waves. Your radio then picks up those waves and converts them into electronic energy and produces sounds. (Short Answer)

The energy the electromagnetic waves transfer through matter or space

Electromagnetic radiation

Light that has been filtered so that all of its waves are parallel to each other

Polarized light

Refers to the emission of electrons from a metal when light particles of certain frequencies shine on the metal

Photoelectric effect

A packet of light energy

Electromagnetic waves with the longest wavelengths and lowest frequencies; used in broadcasting

Electromagnetic waves that have shorter wavelengths and higher frequencies than radio waves; used in radar

Waves that are longer than visible light waves but shorter than microwaves; used to take a picture showing regions of different temperatures in different colors

An image that shows regions of different temperatures in different colors

Electromagnetic waves that you can see

Electromagnetic waves with wavelengths shorter than visible light, but longer than x-rays; capable of damaging or killing living cells

Ultra-violet rays (UV)

Electromagnetic radiation having a very short wavelength; can penetrate substances such as skin and muscle; used to make images of bones and teeth

Electromagnetic waves with the shortest wavelengths and highest frequencies; the most penetrating of electromagnetic waves; used to examine the body's internal structures

A method of transmitting a radio signal in which the amplitude of the carrier wave varies while its frequency remains the same

A method of transmitting a radio signal in which the frequency of the carrier wave varies while its amplitude remains the same

Is any material that attracts iron and materials that contain iron

The attraction or repulsion of magnetic materials

The strongest part of the magnet, and the two ends of the magnet

magnetic poles (North and south)

The attraction ot repulsion between magnetic poles

The area of magnetic force around a magnet

Lines that map out the invisible magnetic fields around a magnet

Magnetic fields lines

Is a device that has a magnet on a noodle that spins freely

An imaginary line between you and the gerographic north pole., which abother line coming to you from the northern hemisphere magnetic pole. The angle from this is ________

magnetic declination

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